Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spanjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

From *spananą +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*spanjaną

1. to attract, allure

Inflection

Conjugation of *spanjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spanjō	*spanjaų	—	*spanjai	?
2nd singular	*spanisi	*spanjais	*spani	*spanjasai	*spanjaisau
3rd singular	*spaniþi	*spanjai	*spanjaþau	*spanjaþai	*spanjaiþau
1st dual	*spanjōs	*spanjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spanjaþiz	*spanjaiþiz	*spanjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spanjamaz	*spanjaim	—	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
2nd plural	*spaniþ	*spanjaiþ	*spaniþ	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
3rd plural	*spanjanþi	*spanjain	*spanjanþau	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spanidǭ	*spanidēdį̄
2nd singular	*spanidēz	*spanidēdīz
3rd singular	*spanidē	*spanidēdī
1st dual	*spanidēdū	*spanidēdīw
2nd dual	*spanidēdudiz	*spanidēdīdiz
1st plural	*spanidēdum	*spanidēdīm
2nd plural	*spanidēdud	*spanidēdīd
3rd plural	*spanidēdun	*spanidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spanjandz	*spanidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan
  • Old English: *spennan
  • Old High German: spennen
• Old Norse: spenja
  • Icelandic: spenja

Etymology 2

From *spanō (“nipple”) +‎ *-janą.

Alternative forms

• *spinjaną, *spunjaną

Verb

*spanjaną

1. to wean

Inflection

Conjugation of *spanjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spanjō	*spanjaų	—	*spanjai	?
2nd singular	*spanisi	*spanjais	*spani	*spanjasai	*spanjaisau
3rd singular	*spaniþi	*spanjai	*spanjaþau	*spanjaþai	*spanjaiþau
1st dual	*spanjōs	*spanjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spanjaþiz	*spanjaiþiz	*spanjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spanjamaz	*spanjaim	—	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
2nd plural	*spaniþ	*spanjaiþ	*spaniþ	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
3rd plural	*spanjanþi	*spanjain	*spanjanþau	*spanjanþai	*spanjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spanidǭ	*spanidēdį̄
2nd singular	*spanidēz	*spanidēdīz
3rd singular	*spanidē	*spanidēdī
1st dual	*spanidēdū	*spanidēdīw
2nd dual	*spanidēdudiz	*spanidēdīdiz
1st plural	*spanidēdum	*spanidēdīm
2nd plural	*spanidēdud	*spanidēdīd
3rd plural	*spanidēdun	*spanidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spanjandz	*spanidaz

Related terms

• *spanōną
• *spenô
• *spenōną
• *spunōną

Descendants

Note: Some descendants show interference with related verbs *spanōną, *spenōną, and *spunōną.

• Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan, *spinnjan, *spunnjan
  • Old Saxon: spennian
    • Middle Low German: spennen, spannen, spenen, spēnen
  • Old Dutch: *spennen
    • Middle Dutch: spennen, spenen
      • Dutch: spenen
      • → Middle English: *spenen
        • English: spean
        • Scots: spean
  • → Old French: espanir
    • Middle French: espanir, aspanir (“to wean, deprive”)
      • Picard: épanir; épénir (Rouchi)
      • Walloon: spani
  • Old High German: *spennen
    • Middle High German: *spennen, spenen
      • German: spänen (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: *abespennen, abespenen
    • ⇒ Old High German: bispennen
      • Middle High German: *bespennen, bespenen
    • ⇒ Old High German: intspennen, inspennen
      • Middle High German: entspennen, entspenen