Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/bɔuˣ

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

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Alternative reconstructions

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Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs Proto-Mienic *bˠu.

Etymology

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Compare Kra-Dai: Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ; Proto-Austronesian *lima

Noun

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*bɔuˣ

  1. hand

Descendants

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  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: pu¹¹
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: pu¹¹
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵tɯ²²
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ki⁰³bu³⁵
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: pi¹¹
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: pɛ²¹²
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: pai²⁴¹
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: poi²¹
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: tʰau³²
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: tʃa³¹
      • Bana 巴那: la⁰⁴kwa³¹
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kʰwa⁵³
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: pe²³¹
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: pʰe⁴⁴
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pa⁵³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: tə⁰²wei⁵⁵
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: tə⁰²we⁵⁵
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: kɛ³¹
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ʂe¹¹
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: di³³
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: te²¹
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): pwo²³¹
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): pwə²³²
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): pu³²
      • Fanghai (Tansan): ʔpu³¹
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: pu¹²¹
      • Luoxiang: pu²¹³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: pau⁴²
      • Shikou: pɔu³¹
      • Niuweizhai: pʰəu⁴³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴pu⁴⁴
Notes

Ratliff (2010) attributes the variation in initial consonants to "prefix pre-emption."

References

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  1. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)