Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/pji̯əuˣ

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs *pˠ- as the Proto-Hmong-Mien initial, and also Proto-Mienic *pˠeu.

Etymology[edit]

Compare Austroasiatic[2]

Noun[edit]

*pji̯əuˣ

  1. fruit

Descendants[edit]

  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: tjei³¹
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: pjei³¹³
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵pji⁴⁴
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: pji⁵⁵
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tsen³⁵
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: tsen³⁵
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tɕi⁵³
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: pei¹³
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: pji³³
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: pji⁵³
      • Bana 巴那: pji⁴⁴
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: tɔŋ³³pji⁵⁵
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: pji⁵³
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: pi³⁵
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pji¹³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵pzi⁵⁵
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²pje⁵⁵/tse⁵⁵
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: pi¹³
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: pei⁴²
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tsɿ⁵⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tsi⁵⁵
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): pjou⁵²
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): pjəu⁵³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): pjou⁵⁴⁵
      • Fanghai (Tansan): ʔpjɔu⁵⁵
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: pjəu⁵³
      • Luoxiang: pjəu⁵³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: pjau³⁵
      • Shikou: bjɔu³⁵
      • Niuweizhai: pjəu³⁵
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴bɛu²⁴

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  2. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2018) “Macrophyletic Trees of East Asian Languages Re examined”, in Kikusawa, Ritsuko, Reid, Lawrence A., editors, Let's Talk about Trees (Senri Ethnological Studies), Osaka: Minpaku, →DOI
  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
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