Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/tshuŋˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *cʔaːŋ (Sidwell & Rau, 2015)

Noun

*tshuŋˣ

1. bone

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qa⁰³soŋ³¹
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qa⁰³suŋ³¹³
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵soŋ⁴⁴
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ki⁵⁵saŋ⁵⁵
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: po³⁵sʰoŋ³⁵
    • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: suŋ³³
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: sam⁵³
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: sʰuŋ¹³
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: tʰaŋ³³
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: θəŋ⁵³
    • Bana 巴那: tɬʰuŋ⁴⁴tɬʰuŋ⁴⁴
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: suŋ⁵⁵kɔ⁵⁵
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²səŋ⁵³
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: son³⁵
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: saŋ¹³
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²tsʰuŋ⁵⁵
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: qo⁰⁵tsʰoŋ⁵⁵
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: qə⁰²sʰã¹³
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: saŋ²³²
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ʔa³³tsʰaɯ³³
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tsʰaŋ⁴⁴
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): buŋ⁵²
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): buŋ⁵³
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): tθuŋ⁵⁴⁵
    • Fanghai (Tansan): θuŋ⁵⁵
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: θoŋ⁵³
    • Luoxiang: θuŋ⁵³
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: swə³⁵
    • Shikou: sjɔŋ³⁵
    • Niuweizhai: sɿ³⁵
  • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴hiŋ²⁴

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)