Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/cʔaːŋ

This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *cʔaːŋ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA012)
Proto-Mon-Khmer: *cʔaaŋ ~ *cʔaiŋ ~ *cʔi()ŋ (Shorto, 2006, #488)

Noun

*cʔaːŋ

bone

Descendants

Proto-Aslian: *ɟəʔaaŋ (Phillips, 2012)
- Jah Hut: ʒǝʔaŋ
- Jahaic:
  - Cheq Wong: jəʔeŋ
  - Jahai: ɟʔeŋ
  - Kensiu: ʔiʔiŋ
- Senoic:
  - Semai: je'aak
  - Temiar: jeak
- Semelaic:
  - Semaq Beri: ʒǝʔaŋ
  - Semelai: ɟəʔaŋ
Proto-Katuic: *ʔŋhaaŋ (Sidwell, 2005) (through some phonetic process)
- Pacoh: nghang
- Kui: ŋhaːŋ
- Eastern Katu: n'hang
- Eastern Bru: nghang
Proto-Khasian: *ʧʔɛːŋ (Sidwell, 2018)
- Khasi: sh'ing, 'ing
- Lyngngam :
  - Nangstoin: cʔeŋ
  - Rongrin: tʃɁiaŋ
Khmeric:
- Khmer: ឆ្អឹង (chʼəng)
Proto-Khmuic: *ɟʔaː₁ŋ (Sidwell, 2013)
- Khmu: cʔaːŋ
- Phong: sɁiːŋ
- Mlabri: ɟiʔɛɛŋ
- Thin: ʔiəŋ
Mangic:
- Mang: caːŋ⁴
Proto-Munda: *ɟaŋ
- Santali: ᱡᱟᱝ (jaṅ)
Nicobaric: *-ʔiŋ (Sidwell, 2018)
- Central Nicobaric:
  - Nancowry: ong-eng
Proto-Palaungic: *cənʔaːŋ (Sidwell, 2015)
- Danau: ကနဲဉ် (kənɛ̀ɴ)
- Lawa: saʔaŋ ~ səʔaŋ
- Palaung:
  - Shwe:
    - Sam-Loong: က်ုန်အာင်
- Plang:
  - La Gang: sá.ʔáŋ
  - Man Noi: sá.ʔáŋ
Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːŋ/*tʃɨəŋ < *tʃ-ʔaːŋ (Ferlus, 2007)
- Arem: sìəŋ
- Chut:
  - Rục: saːŋ²
  - Sách: saːŋ²
- Kha Phong: cɐːŋ²
- Tho:
  - Cuối Chăm: sɨəŋ¹
  - Làng Lỡ: sɨəŋ¹
- Malieng: saːŋ²
- Viet-Muong:
  - Muong:
    - Hoà Bình: xương
    - Bi: xiêng
  - Middle Vietnamese: 𩩪 (xương), 𩩫 (xương)
    - Vietnamese: xương

References

Shorto, Harry (2006), Paul Sidwell, Doug Cooper, Christian Bauer, editors, A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN
Sidwell, Paul (2024), “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii