Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵem-^[1]

to marry

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵemH-^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵem- (19 c, 0 e)

*ǵm̥-rós (“son in law”)^[1]^[2]
- >? Proto-Albanian: *dzanra^[4] (or from *ǵem-tēr)
  - Albanian: dhëndër, dhëndërr, dhandër — Gheg, dhândërr — Gheg
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γαμβρός (gambrós), γαβρός (gabrós), γαμρός (gamrós), γαββρός (gabbrós), γαμερός (gamerós)
    - Greek: γαμπρός (gamprós)
    - Mariupol Greek: гамбро́с (hambrós)
- Proto-Italic: *genros
  - Latin: gener (see there for further descendants)
*ǵém-ti-s ~ *ǵm̥-téy-s (“matrimony”)
- Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mtiš
  - Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zāmiti, “child-birth”)

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źénˀtis, *źénˀtas (“son-in-law”) (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γᾰ́μος (gắmos) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ γαμέω (gaméō)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́mātā (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Sanskrit: जार (jā́ra, jārá, “paramour, lover, intimate companion”)
- Sanskrit: जार्य (jāryá, “intimacy; companionship”)
>? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “wife”)
>? Proto-Indo-Iranian: (or from *ǵenh₁-^[5])
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: जामि (jāmí, “female relative; daughter-in-law; consanguinity”)
- Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́āmiš
  - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬌 (huzāmi, “good, easy birth”) (+ 𐬵𐬎- (hu-))

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 136-139
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “dhëndër ~ dhandër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 82
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “jāmí-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 252

[devaan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 258

[beekes-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 136-139

[4] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “dhëndër ~ dhandër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 82

[5] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “jāmí-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 252

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