Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰérǵʰs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, be elevated”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Noun

*bʰérǵʰs f

1. something high up and fortified

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*bʰérǵʰs
genitive	*bʰr̥ǵʰés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰérǵʰs	*bʰérǵʰh₁(e)	*bʰérǵʰes
vocative	*bʰérǵʰ	*bʰérǵʰh₁(e)	*bʰérǵʰes
accusative	*bʰérǵʰm̥	*bʰérǵʰh₁(e)	*bʰérǵʰm̥s
genitive	*bʰr̥ǵʰés	*?	*bʰr̥ǵʰóHom
ablative	*bʰr̥ǵʰés	*?	*bʰr̥ǵʰmós, *bʰr̥ǵʰbʰós
dative	*bʰr̥ǵʰéy	*?	*bʰr̥ǵʰmós, *bʰr̥ǵʰbʰós
locative	*bʰérǵʰ, *bʰérǵʰi	*?	*bʰr̥ǵʰsú
instrumental	*bʰr̥ǵʰéh₁	*?	*bʰr̥ǵʰmís, *bʰr̥ǵʰbʰís

Descendants

• Proto-Celtic: *brixs, *brigā (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *burgz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • >? Ancient Greek: πῠ́ργος (pŭ́rgos)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰás
  • Proto-Iranian: *br̥jáh
    • Avestan: 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬆𐬨 (bər^əzəm, acc.sg.), 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋 (bər^əzō, gen.sg.)
    • Northern Luri: برگ (berg, “mountain,hill”)
    • Ossetian: барз (barz)
      • → Chechen: ба̄рз (baarz)
      • → Ingush: боарз (boarz)

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959), “bhereg̑h-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 140-141
• Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brig-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
• Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*burg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85