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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Uncertain. Perhaps from a stem *bʰar-/-bʰor- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), itself perhaps a form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Kroonen considers the root to be potentially derived from *bʰers- (“tip, point”) (which seems to be related to the roots discussed above), with sense development "pointy and prickly thing" > "beard."[1] Derksen suggests that the term may be from a North European substrate.[2]

    Noun

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    *bʰardʰéh₂ f[2][3][4]

    1. beard

    Reconstruction notes

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    The EIEC considers the term to be a West European regionalism within Late PIE.[4]

    Inflection

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    Thematic in *-eh₂
    singular
    nominative *bʰardʰéh₂
    genitive *bʰardʰéh₂s
    singular dual plural
    nominative *bʰardʰéh₂ *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂es
    vocative *bʰardʰéh₂ *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂es
    accusative *bʰardʰā́m *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂m̥s
    genitive *bʰardʰéh₂s *? *bʰardʰéh₂oHom
    ablative *bʰardʰéh₂s *? *bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
    dative *bʰardʰéh₂ey *? *bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
    locative *bʰardʰéh₂, *bʰardʰéh₂i *? *bʰardʰéh₂su
    instrumental *bʰardʰéh₂h₁ *? *bʰardʰéh₂mis, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰis

    Alternative reconstructions

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    • *bʰordʰéh₂

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    • *bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)[4] (or an independent innovation)[3]
      • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀtas (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *farβātos
        • >? Latin: barbātus (the initial /b-/ is also found in barba) (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barzda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bordà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “barba”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*bhardh-eha-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 251

    Further reading

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