Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleyH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gleyH-^[1]

to smear, putty
to stick, glue

Alternative reconstructions

*gleh₁y-^[2]
*gley-^[3]^[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleyH- (26 c, 0 e)

*gléyH-ti (athematic root present)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀtei
  - Lithuanian: gliejù, gliẽti (“to smear, putty”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHiti
  - Proto-Iranian: *gráHitī
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γrcy-, “to roll; to smear with clay”)
*gli-né-H-ti ~ *gli-n-H-énti (nasal infix present)^[3]^[1]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *glinati (“to glue”)
- Proto-Germanic: *klinaną (“to smear, stick”) (see there for further descendants)
*gléyH-neh₂^[5]^[7]^[8]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀnāˀ (“clay”) (see there for further descendants)
*gléyH-n̥ ~ *gliH-én-s^[5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλῑ́νη (glī́nē)
*gleyH-wéh₂^[9]^[10]^[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀwāˀ (“slime, fungus”)
  - Latvian: glīve
  - Lithuanian: gleīvės
  - Proto-Slavic: *glìva (“fungus”) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Proto-Finnic: *liiva (“slime”)
- Proto-Germanic: *klīwō^[9]
  - Old High German: klīwa, klīa, klīga
    - Middle High German: klīwe, klīe
      - German: Kleie (“bran”)
*gléyH-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHyas
  - Proto-Iranian: *gráHyah^[12]
    - Shughni: [script needed] (jiray, “pottery clay”)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (γuroi, “clay, earth, mud”)
*gl̥Hí-h₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλία (glía, “glue”)
*gl̥Hy-ó-s^[13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *glьjь (“clay, loam”) (see there for further descendants)
*gl̥Hi-t-tó-s^[14]
- Proto-Italic: *glittos
  - Latin: glittus (“sticky, cohesive”)
*gl̥Hi-t-us
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glitus
  - Latvian: glits, glîts (“slippery”)
  - Lithuanian: glitùs (“sticky”), (dialectal) glytùs
*gliH-yó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *griHyás
  - Proto-Iranian: *griHyáh^[15]^[12]
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γг’h, “clay, dirt”)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (grīha-)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (γг’у, “mud, clay, pottery”)
*gloyH-d-ó-s
- Proto-Celtic: *gloidos (see there for further descendants)
*glóyH-mo-s^[14]
- Proto-Germanic: *klaimaz (“clay, mortar”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *klaimijaną (“to smear with clay, mortar”) (see there for further descendants)
*gloyH-ni-s^[16]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀnis
  - Proto-Slavic: *glěnь (“clay, loam”) (see there for further descendants)
*glóyH-t-n̥ ~ *gl̥iH-t-én-s (“slime, glue”)^[14]
- Proto-Italic: *gloiten (“clay, mortar”)^[14]
  - Latin: glūten (see there for further descendants)
*glóyH-to-m
- Proto-Germanic: *klaiþą (see there for further descendants)
*gloyH-tós
- Latin: glūtus, gluttus
  - Proto-Brythonic: *glʉd
    - Middle Welsh: glut
      - Welsh: glud (“tenacious, constant, assiduous”)
*gloyH-wó-s (“sticky; sticky substance”)^[4]^[17]^[5]^[18]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀwa
  - Proto-Slavic: *glěvъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλοιός (gloiós) (< earlier *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós) or *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós) (for which see below))^[3]^[5]
*gloyH-y-ó-s^[9]
- Proto-Germanic: *klajjaz (“clay”)^[3]^[9] (or from *gloh₁i-wó-s above)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *klaij (“clay”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *gleitja (< *gley-t-y-)
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-gleitja^[19]
  - Albanian: ngjis (“to stick to, glue”)
Proto-Albanian: *glitja
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-glitja
  - Albanian: ngjit
Proto-Anatolian:
- Lydian: 𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠 (kλida, “earth”) (probably)
>? Proto-Armenian:
- Middle Armenian: կաղջին (kaġǰin)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 362–364
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Fick, August (1890–1909), “glei-”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλοιός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276–77: “*γλοιϝός”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gli-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1grai- : gri-”, in Этимологический словарь иранских языков [Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov, Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 122: “*gloiwos ‘clay’”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glěvъ; *glěvь; *glěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190

[EDSIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”

[IEW-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 362–364

[Fick-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Fick, August (1890–1909), “glei-”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

[Beekes-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γλοιός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276–77: “*γλοιϝός”

[6] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gli-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 160

[Derksen_3-7] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

[8] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

[Kroonen-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

[11] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gléˀināˀ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

[ESIJa-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1grai- : gri-”, in Этимологический словарь иранских языков [Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov, Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284

[13] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[De_Vaan-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”

[15] Gharib, B. (1995), “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”

[16] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

[17] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 122: “*gloiwos ‘clay’”

[18] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glěvъ; *glěvь; *glěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

[19] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, →ISBN

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

See also

References