gluten

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See also: Gluten, glúten, and glutén

English

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Etymology

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From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (glue).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡluːtən/, /ˈɡluːtn̩/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːtən

Noun

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gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)

  1. (obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours"). [16th–19th c.]
    • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humors, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, [], Oxford, Oxfordshire: [] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 20:
      The Radicall or innate, is dayly ſupplied by nouriſhment, which ſome call Cambium, and make thoſe ſecundary Humors of Ros and Gluten to maintaine it: []
  2. (rare) Any gluey, sticky substance. [from 17th c.]
    • 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:
      [T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.
    • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
      The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.
  3. (cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]
    • 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:
      Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.
    • 2010 June 10, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian:
      Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results []
  4. (geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc. [from 19th c.]
    • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:
      Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin gluten (glue).

Noun

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gluten m (plural glutens)

  1. gluten

Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin gluten (glue).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: glu‧ten

Noun

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gluten n (uncountable)

  1. gluten

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin glūten (glue).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gluten m (plural glutens)

  1. gluten

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *gloiten, from Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥, from *gleh₁y- (to stick; to spread, to smear).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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glūten n (genitive glūtinis); third declension

  1. glue

Declension

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Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative glūten glūtina
Genitive glūtinis glūtinum
Dative glūtinī glūtinibus
Accusative glūten glūtina
Ablative glūtine glūtinibus
Vocative glūten glūtina

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin glūten.[1][2] Doublet of glut and glutyna.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gluten m inan

  1. (cooking, biochemistry) gluten (the major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread)
    Synonym: (in chemistry) glutyna

Declension

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Derived terms

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adjective

References

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  1. ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “gluten”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
  2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “gluten”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French gluten.

Noun

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gluten n (uncountable)

  1. gluten

Declension

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin gluten (glue).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡluten/ [ˈɡlu.t̪ẽn]
  • Rhymes: -uten
  • Syllabification: glu‧ten

Noun

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gluten m (plural glútenes)

  1. (biochemistry) gluten

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin gluten (glue).

Noun

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gluten n

  1. gluten

Anagrams

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