gluten

See also: Gluten and glúten

English

Etymology

From French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluːtən/, /ˈɡluːtn̩/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːtən

Noun

gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)

1. (obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours"). [16th-19th c.]
   • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, Oxford: Printed by Iohn Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 216894069:, Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147:

     The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […].

2. (rare) Any gluey, sticky substance. [from 17th c.]
   • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:

     The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.

3. The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]
   • 2010, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian, 10 Jun 2010:

     Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results [...].

4. (geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc. [from 19th c.]
   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 669:

     Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• gluten bread
• gluten casein
• gluten fibrin

• gluten-free
• glutinous
• sea-gluten

Translations

cereal protein

• Arabic: غْلُوتِين‏‎ m (ḡlūtīn)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 麵筋 (zh), 面筋 (zh) (miànjīn)

• Corsican: glutinu m
• Czech: lepek (cs)
• Dutch: gluten (nl)
• Esperanto: gluteno
• Finnish: gluteeni (fi)
• French: gluten (fr) m
• German: Gluten (de) n
• Hebrew: גְלוּטֵן‏‎ m (gluten)
• Hungarian: sikér (hu)

• Ido: gluteno (io)
• Italian: glutine (it) m
• Japanese: グルテン (ja) (guruten)
• Korean: 글루텐 (geulluten)
• Latvian: lipeklis m, glutēns m
• Macedonian: глуте́н m (glutén)
• Norwegian: gluten (no) n
• Portuguese: glúten (pt) m
• Russian: глюте́н (ru) m (gljutɛ́n), клейкови́на (ru) f (klejkovína)
• Slovene: gluten m
• Spanish: gluten (es) m
• Swedish: gluten (sv) n

Anagrams

• Lutgen, englut

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: glu‧ten

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Noun

gluten n (uncountable)

1. gluten

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡlytɛn/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

gluten m (plural glutens)

1. gluten

Anagrams

• lugent

Further reading

• “gluten” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gloiten, from Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥, from *gleh₁y- (“to stick; to spread, to smear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡluː.ten/, [ˈɡɫuː.tẽ]

Noun

glūten n (genitive glūtinis); third declension

1. glue

Inflection

Third declension neuter.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	glūten	glūtina
genitive	glūtinis	glūtinum
dative	glūtinī	glūtinibus
accusative	glūten	glūtina
ablative	glūtine	glūtinibus
vocative	glūten	glūtina

Derived terms

• glūtinō

Descendants

• Old French: glu
  • English: glue
    • Irish: gliú
  • French: glu
  • Norman: cliute (Jersey)
• Welsh: glud

References

• gluten in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gluten in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• du Cange, Charles (1883), “gluten”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
• “gluten” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• glue in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluten/

Noun

gluten m (plural glutenes)

1. (biochemistry) gluten

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Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Noun

gluten n

1. gluten