gluten

See also: Gluten and glúten

English

Etymology

From French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluːtən/, /ˈɡluːtn̩/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːtən

Noun

gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)

1. (obsolete) Fibrin (formerly considered as one of the "animal humours"). [16th-19th c.]
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970:

     , Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147:

     The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]

2. (rare) Any gluey, sticky substance. [from 17th c.]
   • 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, XXXVII:

     [T]he Fly suspends it self very firmly and easily, without the access or need of any such Sponges fill'd with an imaginary gluten, as many have, for want of good Glasses, perhaps, or a troublesome and diligent examination, suppos'd.

   • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:

     The tyrant machine is the female body, grinding and milling the pulp of matter, the gluten of human flesh.

3. (cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]
   • 2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

     Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.

   • 2010, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian, 10 Jun 2010:

     Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]

4. (geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc. [from 19th c.]
   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 669:

     Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• glutamic acid
• glutenin
• gluten bread
• gluten casein
• gluten fibrin

• gluten-free
• glutinous
• sea-gluten

Translations

cereal protein

• Arabic: غْلُوتِين‎ m (ḡlūtīn)
• Catalan: gluten m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 麵筋 (zh), 面筋 (zh) (miànjīn), 麩質 (zh), 麸质 (zh) (fūzhì)

• Corsican: glutinu m
• Czech: lepek (cs)
• Dutch: gluten (nl)
• Esperanto: gluteno
• Finnish: gluteeni (fi)
• French: gluten (fr) m
• German: Gluten (de) n
• Hebrew: גְלוּטֵן‎ (he) m (gluten)

• Hungarian: sikér (hu), glutén (hu)
• Ido: gluteno (io)
• Italian: glutine (it) m
• Japanese: グルテン (ja) (guruten)
• Korean: 글루텐 (geulluten)
• Latvian: lipeklis m, glutēns m
• Macedonian: глуте́н m (glutén)
• Norwegian: gluten (no) n
• Polish: gluten (pl) m
• Portuguese: glúten (pt) m
• Russian: глюте́н (ru) m (gljutɛ́n), клейкови́на (ru) f (klejkovína)
• Slovene: gluten m
• Spanish: gluten (es) m
• Swedish: gluten (sv) n

Further reading

• gluten on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Lutgen, englut

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Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Noun

gluten m (plural glutens)

1. gluten

Further reading

• “gluten” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “gluten”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2022
• “gluten” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gluten” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: glu‧ten

Noun

gluten n (uncountable)

1. gluten

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡly.tɛn/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

gluten m (plural glutens)

1. gluten

Further reading

• “gluten”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• lugent

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gloiten, from Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥, from *gleh₁y- (“to stick; to spread, to smear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡluː.ten/, [ˈɡɫ̪uːt̪ɛn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡlu.ten/, [ˈɡluːt̪en]

Noun

glūten n (genitive glūtinis); third declension

1. glue

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	glūten	glūtina
Genitive	glūtinis	glūtinum
Dative	glūtinī	glūtinibus
Accusative	glūten	glūtina
Ablative	glūtine	glūtinibus
Vocative	glūten	glūtina

Derived terms

• glūtinō

Descendants

• → Catalan: gluten
• → French: gluten
  • → English: gluten
• Old French: glu
  • → English: glue
    • → Irish: gliú
  • French: glu
  • Norman: cliute (Jersey)
• → Old Irish: gláed
  • Irish: glae
  • Scottish Gaelic: glaodh
• Portuguese: glúten, grude
• → Proto-Brythonic: *glʉd
  • Middle Welsh: glut
    • Welsh: glud
• → Spanish: gluten
• → Swedish: gluten

References

• “gluten”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “gluten”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gluten in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gluten in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• “glue” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

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Romanian

Etymology

From French gluten

Noun

gluten n (uncountable)

1. gluten

Declension

declension of gluten (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) gluten	glutenul
genitive/dative	(unui) gluten	glutenului
vocative	glutenule

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluten/, [ˈɡlu.t̪ẽn]

Noun

gluten m (plural glutenes)

1. (biochemistry) gluten

Further reading

• “gluten”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gluten (“glue”).

Noun

gluten n

1. gluten

Anagrams

• tungel