Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwh₂os

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*h₂éwh₂os m (non-ablauting)

1. maternal grandfather
2. maternal uncle

Reconstruction notes

On the basis of the geminate "ḫ" in Hittite "ḫuḫḫa-", Kloekhorst concludes that it cannot reflect a diphthong, which is contradicted by Eichner's lenition law. Therefore, he argues that an athematic ablauting paradigm should be reconstructed instead.

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éwh₂os
genitive	*h₂éwh₂osyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éwh₂os	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oes
vocative	*h₂éwh₂e	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oes
accusative	*h₂éwh₂om	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*h₂éwh₂oms
genitive	*h₂éwh₂osyo	*?	*h₂éwh₂oHom
ablative	*h₂éwh₂ead	*?	*h₂éwh₂omos, *h₂éwh₂obʰos
dative	*h₂éwh₂oey	*?	*h₂éwh₂omos, *h₂éwh₂obʰos
locative	*h₂éwh₂ey, *h₂éwh₂oy	*?	*h₂éwh₂oysu
instrumental	*h₂éwh₂oh₁	*?	*h₂éwh₂ōys

Alternative reconstructions

• *h₂éwh₂s ~ *h₂uh₂ós

Derived terms

• *h₂éwh₂-h₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-és (“grandmother”)
  • Proto-Italic: *awā
    • Latin: ava (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *awǭ (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-n-és
  • Proto-Celtic: *awū (“uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *awô (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *awō
    • ⇒ Latin: avunculus (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂éwh₂-ih₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-yéh₂-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas
    • Old Prussian: awis (“uncle”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *ujь (“maternal uncle”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀinas
      • Lithuanian: avynas (“maternal uncle”)
      • Proto-Slavic:
        • Bulgarian: ву́йна (vújna, “uncle's wife”), (dialectal) у́йна (újna)
  • Proto-Celtic: *auyos
    • Primitive Irish: ᚐᚃᚔ (avi, “descendant”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Gaulish: aua (“granddaughter”)

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)
  • Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)
  • Luwian:

    Cuneiform script: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)

    Anatolian hieroglyphic script: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)

  • Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)
  • Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)
  • Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *awos
  • Latin: avus (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian:
  • Tocharian B: āwe