Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ews-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂ews-

1. dawn
2. east

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂ews-

• *h₂éws-ōs ~ *h₂us-
• *h₂us-r-
  • Indo-Iranian: *Husr-
    • Indo-Aryan: *Husr-
      • Sanskrit: उषर् (uṣar, voc. sg.), उस्रस् (usrás, gen. sg.), उस्रि (usrí, loc. sg.) and other forms (attested in the Rigveda)
• *h₂us-ró-s
  • Indo-Iranian: *Husrás
    • Indo-Aryan: *Husrás
      • Sanskrit: उस्र (usrá, “reddish, ruddy; bright; matutinal”)
• *h₂ews-ro-
  • Albanian: *ausra
    • Albanian: err
  • Balto-Slavic: *auš(t)ra-
    • Latvian: àustra
    • Lithuanian: aušrà
    • Slavic: *utro (with unexpected loss of -s-, present in variant *ustro) (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *austraz (“east”), *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (with regular epenthesis *sr > *str) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *aúhrā (< *h₂éwsreh₂)
    • Ancient Greek: αὔρᾱ (aúrā)

      Epic, Ionic Greek: αὔρη (aúrē)

• *h₂ews-teros
  • Italic: *austeros
    • Latin: auster (“south wind”)
• *h₂us-es-téro-s
  • Indo-Iranian: *Hušastáras
    • Iranian: *Hušastárah
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀‎ (ušastara, “eastern”)
• *h₂ewsḗr (< **h₂ews-ér-s, or *h₂us-s-ḗr "what is at dawn; mist" from locative *h₂us-s-ér(i) "at dawn" from *h₂éwsōs)
  • Hellenic: *auhḗr
    • Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)

      Doric Greek: ἀβήρ (abḗr)

      Aeolic Greek: αὐήρ (auḗr)

      Ionic Greek: ἠήρ (ēḗr)

      • → Ancient Greek: αὔριον (aúrion) (< locative *αὔρι (*aúri) < *h₂éwsri)
      • → Ancient Greek: ἦρι (êri, “early in the morning”) (< locative *h₂éwsri or *h₂ewséri, compare ἠέριος (ēérios, “with the early morning”))
• *h₂wōsrih₂
  • Celtic: *wāsrī
    • Old Irish: fáir
    • Welsh: gwawr (< *wāsrā)