Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰárati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Rix derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰérm̥-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥m-énti / *ǵʰr̥m-tór ~ *ǵʰr̥m-n̥tór, from *ǵʰrem- (“to vex; to be angry”).

Mayrhofer, paraphrasing Szemerényi, suggests a derivation from an earlier form ȷ́ʰárd-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd (“heart”).

However, Cheung is skeptical of these derivations, and refrains from assigning any etymology.

Verb

*ȷ́ʰárati ~ *gʰr̥mánti / *ȷ́ʰr̥ntáy ~ *gʰr̥matáy

1. (transitive) to vex, torment
2. (intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms

• *ȷ́ʰáȷ́ʰarānás (reduplicated aorist middle participle)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áźʰarānás
    • Sanskrit: जुहुरान (juhurāná)
  • Proto-Iranian: *jájarānáh
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀 (zazarāna, ptc.pf.med.)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰṛṇtáy ~ *gʰṛmatáy
  • Sanskrit: हृणीषे (hṛṇīṣé, 2sg.pres.med.), हृणीते (hṛṇīte, 3sg.pres.med.), हृणान (hṛṇāná, ptc.med.)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणि (hṛṇi), घृणि (ghṛṇi, “anger”)
    • ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणीयते (hṛṇīyate, “be angry”)
• Proto-Iranian: *járati (see there for further descendants)