Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čárma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma (compare Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”) +‎ *-mn̥.

Noun

*čárma

1. skin, hide, leather

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *cārma
    • Ossetian:

      Digor Ossetian: царм (carm)

      Iron Ossetian: цар (car)

    • Khotanese: [script needed] (tcārman)
  • Sogdo-Batrian:
    • Khwarezmian: څرم (crm /⁠carm⁠/), چرم (črm /⁠čarm⁠/), جرم (ǰrm /⁠ǰarm⁠/)
    • Sogdian:

      Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽀𐼺 (crm /⁠čaṙm⁠/)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri: څرمون (carmún)
  • Shughni: čarm
  • Pashto:

    Waziri: څرمن (carman)

• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi:

    Western Balochi: چرم (čarm)

  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: çerm

    Central Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)

    Southern Kurdish: چەرم (çerm)

    Laki: چەرم (çerm)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *čárma
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: چرم (čərm)
      • Shahmirzadi: چرم (čarm)
    • Proto-Komisenian:
      • Lasgerdi: چرم (čarm)
      • Sangisari: چرم (čarm)
      • Sorkhei: چرم (čarm)
    • Old Median: *čárma
      • Middle Median: *čárm
        • Kermanic:

          Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni: چرم (čarm)

          Zefrehi: [script needed] (čärm)

        • Sivandi: چرم (čarm)
      • Semnani: چرم (čarm)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm /⁠čarm⁠/)

  • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    • Gurani:
    • Zazaki: çermê

      Talakhedeshki: چەرم (čarm)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /⁠carman⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠čarm⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫡𐫖 (crm)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (clm)

      • Persian: چرم (čarm)
• → Old Armenian: ճարմանդ (čarmand) (probably)