Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwabāráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From *Hácwah (“horse”) +‎ *bāráh (“carried”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-ó-s, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”) +‎ *-ós.

Noun

*Hacwabāráh m

1. horseman

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hacwabāráh	*Hacwabārā́(w)	*Hacwabārā́h(ah)
vocative	*Hácwabāra	*Hácwabārā(w)	*Hácwabārāh(ah)
accusative	*Hacwabārám	*Hacwabārā́(w)	*Hacwabārā́nh
instrumental	*HacwabāráH	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabārā́yš
ablative	*Hacwabārā́t	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabāráybʰyah
dative	*Hacwabārā́y	*Hacwabāráybʰyā(m)	*Hacwabāráybʰyah
genitive	*Hacwabāráhya	*Hacwabāráyāh	*Hacwabārā́naHam
locative	*Hacwabāráy	*Hacwabāráyaw	*Hacwabāráyšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (aspabāra)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾ(Y)SPBR(D)K /⁠aspabārak⁠/)
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (aśśbāra)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Old Median: *aspaβārah
    • → Aramaic:

      Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀‬𐡎‬𐡐‬𐡁‬𐡓 (ʾspbr)

    • → Akkadian:

      Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒁇 (as-pa-bar /⁠aspabar⁠/)

    • → Sanskrit: अश्ववार (aśvavāra)
      • → Gujarati: અશ્વવાર (aśvavār)
  • Zazaki: espar
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāraʰ⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (/⁠aswār⁠/)
      • Classical Persian: سوار (suwār) (see there for further descendants)

        Iranian Persian: سوار (sovâr, savâr)

        Tajik: савор (savor)

        • → Gurani: سوار (swār), سوارە (swāra)
        • → Kurdish:

          Northern Kurdish: siwar

          Central Kurdish: سوار (swar)

          Southern Kurdish: سووار (suwar)

        • → Lurish:

          Northern Luri: سۋار (süār)

          Silakhori: سڤار (sevār)

        Bakhtiari: سڤار (sevār)

        Southern Luri: سڤار (sevār)

    • → Arabic: أُسْوَار (ʔuswār), إِسْوَار (ʔiswār), الأَسَاوِرَة pl (al-ʔasāwira), الأَسَاوِر pl (al-ʔasāwir)
      • → Persian: اسوار (osvâr), اساوره pl (asâvere), اساور pl (asâver)
    • → Bactrian: ασβαρο (asbaro)
    • → Persian: اسوار (asvâr, esvâr), اسواران pl (asvârân)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܘܪ (eswār)
    • → Old Gujarati: असवार (asavāra)
      • Gujarati: અસવાર (asavār)
      • Marwari:

        Devanagari script: असवार (asvār)

        Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅰𑅯𑅭 (asvr)

  • → Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭁𐭓𐭉 (ʾsbry)