Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/daywáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás (“god”).

Noun

*daywáh m

demon; malevolent being

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*daywáh	*daywā́(w)	*daywā́h(ah)
vocative	*dáywa	*dáywā(w)	*dáywāh(ah)
accusative	*daywám	*daywā́(w)	*daywā́nh
instrumental	*daywáH	*daywáybʰyā(m)	*daywā́yš
ablative	*daywā́t	*daywáybʰyā(m)	*daywáybʰyah
dative	*daywā́y	*daywáybʰyā(m)	*daywáybʰyah
genitive	*daywáhya	*daywáyāh	*daywā́naHam
locative	*daywáy	*daywáyaw	*daywáyšu

Derived terms

*daywánah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua)
  - → English: daeva
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (dyū, “demon”)
  - Ossetian: [Term?] (“wizard, demon”)
    Digor Ossetian: ӕвдеу (ævdew)
    
    Iron Ossetian: ӕвдиу (ævdiw)
- Sogdian: [Term?] (“demon; unreliable person; liar”)
  Sogdian script: 𐼹𐼷𐼴 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
  
  Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫏𐫇 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
  
  Syriac script: ܕܝܘ (dyw /⁠δēw⁠/)
  - → Persian: لیوه (live, “unreliable, lier person”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (lew, “a night-mare, a night-spectre that eats people”)
- Pashto: دېو (dew) (perhaps borrowed from Persian), دېب (deb)
- Shughni: δew (δēw, “demon”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: دیو (dêw)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: دێو (dêw)
  
  Northern Kurdish: dêw
  
  Southern Kurdish: دێو (dêw)
  
  Laki: دێڤ (dêv)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *daywə́h
  - Caspian:
    - Old Mazanderani: دیب (dēb, “demon”)
      - Mazanderani: دب (deb), دو (dev)
    - Gilaki: یوها (yuhā, “demon”) (perhaps)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “demon”)
    - → Aghwan: 𐔳𐔴𐕡 (dew), 𐔳𐔴𐕛 (dev)
    - → Old Armenian: դև (dew)
    - → Old Georgian: დევი (devi)
    - ⇒ Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫃 (dywg /⁠dēwag⁠/, “insect; worm, vermin”)
      - → Persian: دیوک (divak, “worm; insect; bug; toxic mushroom”), دیوه (dīve, “silk worm”)
  - Old Tati:
    Old Azari: دیو (dēw)
    - Karingani: dēv
    - Harzani: dev
  - Zazaki: dêw, dêb, dyêb
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v /⁠daivaʰ⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
    - Classical Persian: دیوْ (dēw)
      - → Azerbaijani: div
      - → Bengali: দেও (deō)
      - → Chagatai: دیو (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/)
        Uyghur: دېۋ (dëw)
        Uzbek: dev
      - → English: (from Iranian Persian) div
      - → Hindustani:
        Hindi: देव (dev)
        Urdu: دیوْ (dev)
      - → Kazakh: дәу (däu)
      - → Turkmen: döw
      - → Ottoman Turkish: دیو (dev, div)
        Turkish: dev, div
        → Serbo-Croatian: div / див
    - ⇒ Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dywwk' /⁠dēwōg⁠/, “leech”)
      - Classical Persian: دیوک (divok, divak, “leech”)
  - → Aramaic: דיוא (daywā)
    - Classical Syriac: ܕܝܘܐ (daywā)
    - → Arabic: دِيُو (diyū)
      - → Kazakh: дию (diü)