Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHáhuš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *duš- (“bad”) +‎ *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).

Noun

*dušHáhuš m

1. hell

Descendants

• Central Iranian
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬨 (daožaŋhum, abl.sg.)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: doje, dojeh, dojî, duje

    Central Kurdish: دۆژە (doje)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Kermanic:

      Abyanehi, Farizandi, Tarehi: dūja

      Naraqi: dūjax

    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋𐫟 (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/)

      • → Old Armenian: դժոխ (džox)
        • Armenian: դժոխք (džoxkʻ)
        • → Georgian: *დოჯოხი (*doǯoxi)
          • Georgian: ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Early Middle Persian: (/⁠dušahw⁠/)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšhw')

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dwšhwy)

    • Late Middle Persian: (/⁠dušox⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫟 (dwšx), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫇𐫟 (dwšwx)

      Pazend script: 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax)

      • Classical Persian: دوزخ (dôzax)
        • → Azerbaijani: duzəx
        • → Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)
        • → Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)
        • → Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)
        • → Hindustani:
          • → Old Hindi: दोजग (dojaga)
            • → Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)
            • → Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)
              • → Ushojo: دوزخ
        • → Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)
        • → Kurdish:
          • → Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)
          • → Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)
        • → Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)
        • → Pashto: دوزَخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)
        • → Old Punjabi: ਦੋਜਕੁ (dojaku)
        • → Punjabi: ਦੋਜ਼ਖ਼ (dozax), دوزَخ (dozax)
        • → Turkmen: dowzah
        • → Uzbek: doʻzax
        • Dari: دوزخ (duzax)
        • Iranian Persian: دوزخ (duzax)
        • Tajik: дӯзах (düzax)
        • → Baluchi: (reborrowing)

          Eastern Balochi: دوزک (dōzak), دوزې (dōze)

          Western Balochi: دوزخ (dōzax), دوژې (dōže)

        • Kurdish:

          → Southern Kurdish: دووزەق (dûzeq)

        • → Pashto: دوږخ (doģáx), دوغښ (doǧáẍ) (early reborrowing), دوزخ (dozáx) (late reborrowing)
        • → Wakhi: dūzax (reborrowing)