Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hmáwčati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *smáwčati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)méwk-e-ti, from *(s)mewk- (“untie, strip”) +‎ *-eti.

Verb

*hmáwčati

1. to release, let loose, free

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*hmáwčati
Plur.	3rd	*hmáwkanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*hmáwkaH(mi)	*hmáwkam	—	*hmáwkaH(ni)	*hmáwkayam
	2nd	*hmáwčahi	*hmáwčah	*hmáwča	*hmáwčaHah(i)	*hmáwkayš
	3rd	*hmáwčati	*hmáwčat	*hmáwčatu	*hmáwčaHat(i)	*hmáwkayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*hmáwčaθHah	?	*hmáwčaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*hmáwčatah	*hmáwčatam	*hmáwčatām	*hmáwčaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*hmáwkāmah(i)	*hmáwkāma	—	*hmáwkaHama	*hmáwkayma
	2nd	*hmáwčaθHa	*hmáwčata	*hmáwčata	*hmáwčaHθaHa	*hmáwkayta
	3rd	*hmáwkanti	*hmáwčantu	*hmáwkantu	*hmáwkaHant(i)	*hmáwkayant
Participle		*hmáwčāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*hmáwkay	*hmáwčay	—	*hmáwkaHi	*hmáwkaya
	2nd	*hmáwčahay	*hmáwčaha	*hmáwčahwa	*hmáwkaHahay	*hmáwkayša
	3rd	*hmáwčatay	*hmáwčata	*hmáwčatām	*hmáwkaHatay	*hmáwkayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*hmáwčayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*hmáwčaytay	*hmáwčaytam	?	?	*hmáwkayātam
Plur.	1st	*hmáwkāmaday	*hmáwkāmadi	—	*hmáwkaHāmaday	*hmáwkaymadi
	2nd	*hmáwčadway	*hmáwčadwam	*hmáwčaydwam	*hmáwkaHadway	*hmáwkaydwam
	3rd	*hmáwkantay, *-aray	*hmáwkanta	*hmáwčantām	*hmáwkaHantay, *-aHaram	*hmáwkayanta
Participle		*hmáwčaHnah

Derived terms

• *frahmáwčati (“to undress”) (+ *fra-)
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬙𐬀 (framaocata, 3sg.pres.inj.med.)
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (š’mcyd)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean: 𐫜𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫇𐫝𐫏𐫅 (frʾmwcyd /⁠frāmōžēd⁠/)

  • Sogdian:

    Buddhist: [script needed] (βr’’mcn-)

  • Ossetian: ("to tear apart, rip out")

    Digor Ossetian: рӕмодзун (ræmoʒun)

    Iron Ossetian: рӕму́дзын (ræmúʒyn)

• *nišmáwčati (“to hide, conceal; conserve”) (+ *ni-)
• *patišmáwčati (“to put on clothing, dress; to shoe”) (+ *pati-)
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬱𐬨𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬀 (paⁱtišmuxta, perf.pass.)
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (pcmc-)
  • Ishkashimi: pьmьc-
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (paṃjs-)
  • Sanglechi: [script needed] (pamej-)
  • Shughni: пиниӡ (piniʒ)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (ptmwγt /⁠pətmuγd⁠/, 3sg.pres.)
  • Wakhi: [script needed] (pumuc-), pum(ы)c-
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫅𐫖𐫇𐫝𐫏𐫅 (pdmwcyd)

  • Sogdian: [script needed] (ptmwk /⁠pǝtmōk⁠/, “garment, dress”)
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠paymōzēd⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫏𐫖𐫇𐫝𐫏𐫅 (pymwcyd)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ptmwcyt)

  • ⇒ *patišmáwčakah
    • → Old Armenian: պատմուճակ (patmučak)
  • ⇒ *patišmáwčanah (“clothes, garment”)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean: 𐫛𐫏𐫖𐫇𐫝𐫗 (pdmwcn /⁠padmōžan⁠/)

    • Middle Persian: (/⁠paymōzan⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫏𐫖𐫇𐫝𐫗 (pymwcn)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ptmwcn)

    • → Old Armenian: պատմուճան (patmučan)
• *hmáwčakah (“shoe”)
  • Parthian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwck' /⁠mōžag⁠/)
  • Middle Persian:

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwck' /⁠mōzag⁠/)

    Pazend script: 𐬨𐬋𐬲𐬀 (mōža, “stocking, boot”)

    • Classical Persian: موزه (mōza, “shoe”)
    • → Arabic: مُوزَج (mūzaj)
    • → Baluchi: موزگ (mōzag)
  • → Old Armenian: մուճակ (mučak)
• *hmáwčuš (“shoe”)
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠mōg⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫃 (mwg)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwk')

    • → Arabic: مُوق (mūq)
      • → Persian: موق (muq, “large boot”)
    • → Aramaic:

      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מוקא (“shoe”)

      Classical Syriac: ܡܘܩܐ (mōqā, “shoe, slipper”)

    • → Old Armenian: մոյկ (moyk), մոյգ (moyg)
    • → Old Georgian: მოგჳ (mogwi)
      • → Abkhaz: а-ма́гә (a-mágʷ)
        • → Mingrelian: მაგუ (magu)
    • → Hebrew: מוֹק (môq)
  • → Ancient Greek: βαυκίδες (baukídes, “women's shoes”) (possibly)

Descendants

• Ormuri: [script needed] (mọ̄ž-), [script needed] (mọ̄k-, “to loosen, untie”)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977), “մոյկ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 344a
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “պատմուճան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 46b
• Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “pumuc-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 270