Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hwatā́wā
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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Iranian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *hwá (“self”) + *tā́wā ~ *tāwnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tā́wā ~ *tāwnás, from Proto-Indo-European *tḗwh₂-ō ~ *tuh₂-nés, from *tḗwh₂-s ~ *téwh₂-s (compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *táwHsiH (“power, strength”), from *téwh₂s-ih₂[1]), *tewh₂- (“to be strong”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्वतवस् (svátavas, “valiant, inherently powerful”).
Noun[edit]
*hwatā́wā ~ *hwatāwnás m[2][3]
Derived terms[edit]
- *hwatā́wniH f (“queen, lady, consort”)[2][4][5][6][7][8]
- *hwatā́wyah (“lord”)[2]
- Bactrian: χοαδηο (xoadēo /xwadēw/) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Scythian: *hwaθyā́wi[9] (or ⭠ Caucasian, cf. Lezgian гъуцар (ġucar, “god”)[10])
- *friyahwatā́wyah (“devoted sovereign”)[11]
- Bactrian: φρειχοαδηο (freixoadēo /frīxwadēw/)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (pryxwʾw /friyaxwatāw/)
Descendants[edit]
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Saka: *hvatāu
- Old Khotanese: 𑀳𑁆𑀯𑀢𑀦 (hvatana), [script needed] (hvatäna, “Khotan”, literally “the (land of the) lords[12]”)
- Late Khotanese: [script needed] (hvaṃna), 𑀳𑁆𑀯𑀦 (hvana), [script needed] (hvaṃ-)
- → Ashokan Prakrit: [script needed] (khotana-)
- → Middle Chinese: 于闐 (MC hju den|denH)
- → Sogdian:
- Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼇𐼌𐼎𐼊𐼋 (ɣwδnyk)
- → Tibetan: [script needed] (hu-ten), [script needed] (hu-den), [script needed] (huthen), [script needed] (yvu-then)
- → Tumshuqese: [script needed] (hvaḏane), [script needed] (hvaḏna)
- Tumshuqese: [script needed] (hvatā-), [script needed] (hvata-, “lord[13]”)
- Old Khotanese: 𑀳𑁆𑀯𑀢𑀦 (hvatana), [script needed] (hvatäna, “Khotan”, literally “the (land of the) lords[12]”)
- Proto-Sogdic: *xwətāw
- Proto-Saka: *hvatāu
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Southwestern Iranian:
References[edit]
- ^ Kuiper, F. B. J. (1976) “Old East Iranian dialects”, in Indo-Iranian Journal[1], volume 18, numbers 3–4, Brill, page 249
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*h(u)u̯a- > *xᵛa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 423
- ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 103
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “γwtʾynh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178b
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[3], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 97
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica[4], volume 2, page 9
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “γwtʾw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 178a
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum[5], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 181
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1980) “Ossetic”, in Hatto, A. H., editor, The traditions (Traditions of Heroic and Epic Poetry), volume I, London, page 254
- ^ Abaev, V. I. (1985) “Alans”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, volume I, number 8, London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley, page 801‑803
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*fri̯aina-, *fri̯āna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 76
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1982), The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan, Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies 1, ed. E. Yarshater, New York, esp. p. 3
- ^ Skjærvø, P. O. (1987), On the Tumshuqese "Karmavācanā" Text, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1, pp. 77-90