خدا

See also: جدا‎ and حدا‎

Balti

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χu.dɑː/, [χu.dɑː]
• Hyphenation: خُ‧دَا

Noun

خُدَا (xudâ) (Tibetan script ཁུ༹་དཱ‎)

1. God

Baluchi

Noun

خدا • (xuda)

1. God, god

See also

• ہدا‎ (huda)

Laki

Noun

خدا (xda)

1. God, god

Persian

Alternative forms

• خدای‎ (xudāy) (archaic)

Etymology

From earlier خدای‎ (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /⁠xwadāy⁠/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏‎ (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀‎ (mnʾ /⁠mara⁠/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).

Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا‎ (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā). Also related to خود‎ (xod, “self”), خدیو‎ (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون‎ (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xu.ðɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal/KBL) IPA^(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]

• (Dari, formal/KBL) IPA^(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]
  • (Hazaragi/approx.) IPA^(key): [xu.d̪ɔː]

• (Iran, formal/TEH) IPA^(key): [xo.d̪ɒː]

• (Tajik, formal/DUS) IPA^(key): [χu.d̪ɔ]

• Phonetic Persian:

Traditional: [خُذا]‎, Dari: [خُدا]‎

Iranian: [خُدا]‎

Readings
Classical reading?	xuḏā
Dari reading?	xudā
Iranian reading?	xodâ
Tajik reading?	xudo

Noun

Dari	خدا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Худо, худо

خُدا • (xodâ) (plural خدایان‎ (xodâyân))

1. God, god
2. lord
3. patron
4. chief
5. master
6. owner

Inflection

Predicative forms of خدا (xodâ)
	singular	plural
1st person (“I am, we are”)	خدایم‎ (xodâyam) خدام‎ △ (xodâm)	خداییم‎ (xodâyim)
2nd person (“you are”)	خدایی‎ (xodâyi)	خدایید‎ (xodâyid) خدایین‎ △ (xodâyin)
3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خداست‎ (xodâst) خداس، خدائه‎ △ (xodâs, xodâe)	خدایند‎ (xodâyand) خدان‎ △ (xodân)
△ Colloquial.

Related terms

• خدابنده‎ (xodâbande)
• خداحافظ‎ (xodâhâfez)
• خداحافظی‎ (xodâhafezi)
• خداوند‎ (xodâvand)
• خدایی‎ (xodâyi)
• دهخدا‎ (dehxodâ)
• کدخدا‎ (kadxodâ)

 

Descendants

• Tajik: худо (xudo), Худо (Xudo)
• → Azerbaijani: xuda
• → Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)
• → Bashkir: хоҙай (xuðay)
• → Bengali: খোদা (khōda)
• → Chagatai: خدا‎
  • Uyghur: خۇدا‎ (xuda)
  • Uzbek: xudo
• ⇒ Chinese:

  → Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)

  → Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà) (often Lanyin and Zhongyuan), 胡達／胡达 (Húdá) (Yinchuan, Xining, Ürümqi, and Sokuluk)

• → Crimean Tatar: quday
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)

  • → Romani: xulay

  Urdu: خدا‎ (xudā)

• → Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)
• → Karakalpak: quday
• → Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)
• → Khakas: худай (xuday)
• → Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)
• → Kumyk: худай (xuday)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خدا‎
  • Turkish: hüda
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)

  Shahmukhi script: خدا‎ (xudā)

• → Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)
• → Shor: қудай
• → Tatar: ходай (xoday)
• → Turkmen: hudaý

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “xwadāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 95

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خدا‎ (xudā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊ.d̪ɑː/

• Audio (PK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

خُدا • (xudā) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुदा)

1. God

   ‏مخلوق میں خالق کا نظر آیا جس کو اس دیکھنے والے نے خدا کو دیکھا۔‎‎

   maxlūq mẽ xāliq kā nazar āyā jis ko us dekhne vāle ne xudā ko dekhā.

   Who has seen the creator in the creation, that observer has seen God.

2. god

   ‏تمہارا یہ پتھر کا خدا کیا کر سکتا ہے؟‎‎

   tumhārā ye paththar kā xudā kyā kar saktā hai?

   What can this god of stone of yours do?

3. lord
4. master, owner
5. (figurative) husband

Synonyms

• (God): اللہ‎ (allā, allāh), الٰہ‎ (ilāh)
• ایشور‎ (īśvar)

Derived terms

• خدا حافظ‎ (xudā hāfiz)

References

• “خدا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خدا”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خدا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.