خدیو

See also: خديو

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian خدیو (xadêw, xedêw, “lord, master, king”), from Bactrian χοαδηο (khoadēo, “lord”).

Noun

خدیو • (hıdiv or hediv)

1. (historical) khedive, the title of Ottoman viceroy of Egypt from 1805–1914.
   • 1895 August 13, caption of cover photo of Servet-i Fünun, page 305:

     خدیو مصر فخامتلو دولتلو عباس حلمی پاشا حضرتلری

     hediv-i Mısır fehametli devletli Abbas Hilmi paşa hazretleri

     His highness Abbas Hilmi Pasha, khedive of Egypt

Descendants

• Turkish: hidiv
• → Arabic: خديوي (ḵidaywiyy)
• → French: khédive
  • → English: khedive

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خدیو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 834

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭤𐭲𐭩𐭥 (htyw /⁠xadēw⁠/), from Bactrian χοαδηο (khoadēo, “lord”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xa.ˈdeːw/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.d̪éːw]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.d̪éːw]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xä.d̪éːw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xä.d̪éːw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæ.d̪íːv]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χä.d̪éw]

• Rhymes: -eːw

Readings
Classical reading?	xadēw
Dari reading?	xadēw
Iranian reading?	xadiv
Tajik reading?	xadev

Noun

خدیو • (xadēw / xadiv) (plural خدیوان (xadēwān / xadivân), Tajik spelling хадев)

1. (archaic) lord, master, mighty ruler, king
   • 10^th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh

     سیامک به دست خزروان دیو
     تبه گشت و ماند انجمن بی‌ خدیو

     siyâmak be daste xazarvan-e div
     tabah gašt o mând anjoman bi xadiv

     Siamak perished in the fight with Khazarwan Div,
     and the people lost their lord.

2. (historical) khedive

Synonyms

• خداوند (xodâvand), خداوندگار (xodâvandegâr)

Derived terms

• ترکان‌خدیو (torkân-xadiv)
• خاورخدیو (xâvar-xadiv)
• خدیور (xadivar), کدیور (kadivar)
• خدیوزاده (xadêv-zâde)
• خدیوی (xadêvi)
• کشورخدیو (kešvar-xadêv)
• گیهان‌خدیو (geyhân-xadêv), کیهان‌خدیو (keyhân-xadêv)

Related terms

• خدا (xodâ)

Descendants

• → Armenian: խեդիվ (xediv)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خدیو (hidiv)
  • Turkish: hidiv
  • → Arabic: خديوي (ḵidaywiyy)
  • → French: khédive
    • → English: khedive
• → Urdu: خدیو (xidev)

References

• Nicholas Sims-Williams (December 15, 1988), "Bactrian language", Encyclopædia Iranica
• Jafari Dehaghi, Mahmud; Emadaldin Sadri, Amir (2012), “Vâmvâže-hey balxī dar pârsi now [Bactrian Loanwords in New-Persian]”, in Language Studies‎^[2] (in Persian), volume 2, number 4, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, page 3

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian خدیو (xadēw, “lord; king; mighty ruler”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɪ.d̪eːʋ/, /xɪ.d̪iːʋ/, /xə.d̪eːʋ/

Noun

خدیو • (xidev or xadev) m (Hindi spelling ख़देव or ख़िदेव)

1. lord, king; ruler
2. satrap; rich and powerful viceroy
3. master

Declension

Declension of خدیو

	singular	plural
direct	خدیو (xidev)	خدیو (xidev)
oblique	خدیو (xidev)	خدیووں (xidevõ)
vocative	خدیو (xidev)	خدیوو (xidevo)

Declension of خدیو

	singular	plural
direct	خدیو (xidev)	خدیویں (xidevẽ)
oblique	خدیو (xidev)	خدیووں (xidevõ)
vocative	خدیو (xidev)	خدیوو (xidevo)

References

• “خدیو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خدیو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “خدیو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “خدیو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.