جدا

See also: خدا and حدا

Arabic

Root
ج د د (j d d)
17 terms

Etymology

Adverbial accusative of جِدّ (jidd, “seriousness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒid.dan/

Adverb

جِدًّا • (jiddan)

1. very
2. extremely

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: ciddən
• → Ottoman Turkish: جدا
  • → Turkish: cidden
• → Persian: جدا

See also

• لِلْغَايَةِ (lilḡāyati)

Azerbaijani

Adjective

جدا

1. Arabic spelling of cüda

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جُدَا (judā).

Adjective

جدا • (judā⁠)

1. separate

Derived terms

• جدا بولماق (judā⁠ bolmaq, “to be separated”)
• جدالیق (judā⁠lıq, “separation”)

Descendants

• Uyghur: جۇدا (juda)
• Uzbek: judo

Adverb

جدا • (judā⁠)

1. very, especially, extremely

   جدا یخشی

   judā⁠ yaxšı

   very good

Descendants

• Uzbek: juda

Further reading

• Vámbery, Ármin (1867), Ćagataische sprachstudien‎^[1] (in German), Leipzig, F. A. Brockhaus, page 277

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Classical Persian جُدا (judā).

Adjective

جدا • (cüdâ)

1. divided
2. separated
3. isolated

Etymology 2

From Arabic جِدًّا (jiddan), adverbial accusative of جِدّ (jidd).

Adverb

جداً • (cidden)

1. seriously; truly; greatly

Descendants

• Turkish: cidden

Etymology 3

From Middle Mongol ᠵᠢᠳᠠ (ǰida), compare modern Mongolian жад (žad).

Noun

جدا • (cida)

1. spear, lance

Further reading

• Robert Avery et al., editors (2013), “cidden”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “جداً”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 435b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “جدا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 435b

Persian

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *yutás

Middle Persian ywdtʾk' (ǰudāg)

Persian جدا

From Middle Persian ywdtʾk' (ǰudāg, “separate, different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yutás (“separate”). The Transoxianan adverbial usage may be a semantic extension, but alternatively could originate from a misreading of Arabic-derived جِدّاً (jiddan / jeddan), which looks identical to جُدَا (judā / jodâ) when undiacritised.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒu.ˈdaː/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.d̪ɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo.d̪ɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.d̪ɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	judā
Dari reading?	judā
Iranian reading?	jodâ
Tajik reading?	judo

Adjective

جدا • (judā / jodâ) (Tajik spelling ҷудо)

1. separate, apart, alone, isolated
2. divided, separated, detached

   Synonym: منتزع (montaza')

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 340:

     هم سخن دیدی تو خود را با خدا
     ای بسا کاو زین گمان افتد جدا

     ham suxan dīdī tu xwad rā bā xudā
     ay basā k-ō z-īn gumān uftad judā

     You regarded yourself as speaking (confidentially) with God.
     Oh, (there is) many a one that becomes separated (from God) by this opinion.

Derived terms

• جدا شدن (jodâ šodan)
• جدا کردن (jodâ kardan)
• جداگانه (jodâ-gâne)
• جدایی (jodâyi)

Related terms

• جز (juz / joz, “except”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: cüda
• → Chagatai: جدا (jdā /⁠judā⁠/)
  • Uyghur: جۇدا (juda)
  • Uzbek: judo
• → Gujarati: જુદું (judũ)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जुदा (judā)

  Urdu: جُدا (judā)

• → Ottoman Turkish: جدا (cüda)

  > Turkish: cüda (inherited)

• → Pashto: جلا (jəlā́)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜੁਦਾ (judā)

  Shahmukhi script: جُدا (judā)

Adverb

جدا • (judā / jodâ) (Tajik spelling ҷудо)

1. separately, individually, independently, solitarily

   Synonyms: علی‌حده (alā-hida / alâ-hede), جداگانه (judāgāna / jodâgâne)

2. (Transoxiana, informal) very, to a great extent

   Synonyms: خیلی (xaylē / xeyli), بسیار (bisyār / besyâr)

Descendants

• → Chagatai: جدا (jdā /⁠judā⁠/)
  • Uzbek: juda
• → Turkmen: judā

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic جِدًّا (jiddan).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒid.ˈdan/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪än]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪än]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪än]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒid̪.d̪än]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒed̪.d̪æn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒid̪.d̪än]

Readings
Classical reading?	jiddan
Dari reading?	jiddan
Iranian reading?	jeddan
Tajik reading?	jiddan

Adverb

جدا • (jiddan / jeddan) (Tajik spelling ҷиддан)

1. seriously

References

• S. Nazarzoda, A. Sanginov, M. Sultonov, S. Karimov, O. Qosimov, S. Matrobov (2018), “ҷудо”, in Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ‎^[4], 2nd edition, volume 2 (in Tajik), Dushanbe: Abuabdullo Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, page 635
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “جدا”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جدا (judā, “separate, apart”).

Compare Punjabi جُدا (judā) / ਜੁਦਾ (judā), Gujarati જુદું (judũ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒʊ.d̪ɑː/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Adjective

جُدا • (judā) (Hindi spelling जुदा)

1. separate, apart, split

   Synonym: الگ (alag)

2. different, unrelated

Derived terms

• جُدائی (judā'ī, “separation”)
• جُدا گَر (judā-gar, “separator”)

References

• “جدا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “جدا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “جدا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “جدا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.