جد

See also: حد, خد, and خذ

Arabic

Root
ج د د (j d d)
18 terms

Etymology 1.1

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدَّة (jidda))

1. to be new

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَدَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, no passive, verbal noun جِدَّة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جِدَّة jidda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda		جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā		جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
	f		جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat			جَدَّتَا jaddatā			جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu		تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni		نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
	f		تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu			تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	يَجِدَّ, يَجِدِّ, يَجْدِدْ yajidda, yajiddi, yajdid		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ, جِدِّ, اِجْدِدْ jidda, jiddi, ijdid			جِدَّا jiddā				جِدُّوا jiddū
	f		جِدِّي jiddī							اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Verb

جَدَّ • (jadda) I (non-past يَجِدُّ (yajiddu), verbal noun جِدّ (jidd))

1. to be serious
2. to be earnest

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَدَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, no passive, verbal noun جِدّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جِدّ jidd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَادّ jādd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَدَدْتُ jadadtu	جَدَدْتَ jadadta	جَدَّ jadda		جَدَدْتُمَا jadadtumā	جَدَّا jaddā		جَدَدْنَا jadadnā	جَدَدْتُمْ jadadtum	جَدُّوا jaddū
	f		جَدَدْتِ jadadti	جَدَّتْ jaddat			جَدَّتَا jaddatā			جَدَدْتُنَّ jadadtunna	جَدَدْنَ jadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجِدُّ ʔajiddu	تَجِدُّ tajiddu	يَجِدُّ yajiddu		تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni	يَجِدَّانِ yajiddāni		نَجِدُّ najiddu	تَجِدُّونَ tajiddūna	يَجِدُّونَ yajiddūna
	f		تَجِدِّينَ tajiddīna	تَجِدُّ tajiddu			تَجِدَّانِ tajiddāni			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجِدَّ ʔajidda	تَجِدَّ tajidda	يَجِدَّ yajidda		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ najidda	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ tajidda			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجِدَّ, أَجِدِّ, أَجْدِدْ ʔajidda, ʔajiddi, ʔajdid	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid	يَجِدَّ, يَجِدِّ, يَجْدِدْ yajidda, yajiddi, yajdid		تَجِدَّا tajiddā	يَجِدَّا yajiddā		نَجِدَّ, نَجِدِّ, نَجْدِدْ najidda, najiddi, najdid	تَجِدُّوا tajiddū	يَجِدُّوا yajiddū
	f		تَجِدِّي tajiddī	تَجِدَّ, تَجِدِّ, تَجْدِدْ tajidda, tajiddi, tajdid			تَجِدَّا tajiddā			تَجْدِدْنَ tajdidna	يَجْدِدْنَ yajdidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جِدَّ, جِدِّ, اِجْدِدْ jidda, jiddi, ijdid			جِدَّا jiddā				جِدُّوا jiddū
	f		جِدِّي jiddī							اِجْدِدْنَ ijdidna

Etymology 1.2

Noun

جِدّ • (jidd) m

1. verbal noun of جَدَّ (jadda, “to be serious, to be earnest”)
2. seriousness, earnestness
3. diligence, assiduity, eagerness

Declension

Declension of noun جِدّ (jidd)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِدّ jidd	الْجِدّ al-jidd	جِدّ jidd
nominative	جِدٌّ jiddun	الْجِدُّ al-jiddu	جِدُّ jiddu
accusative	جِدًّا jiddan	الْجِدَّ al-jidda	جِدَّ jidda
genitive	جِدٍّ jiddin	الْجِدِّ al-jiddi	جِدِّ jiddi

Etymology 1.3

Cognate with Hebrew גד (gad).

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural جُدُود (judūd))

1. good luck, good fortune

Declension

Declension of noun جَدّ (jadd)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُدُود judūd	الْجُدُود al-judūd	جُدُود judūd
nominative	جُدُودٌ judūdun	الْجُدُودُ al-judūdu	جُدُودُ judūdu
accusative	جُدُودًا judūdan	الْجُدُودَ al-judūda	جُدُودَ judūda
genitive	جُدُودٍ judūdin	الْجُدُودِ al-judūdi	جُدُودِ judūdi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒadd/

Noun

جَدّ • (jadd) m (plural أَجْدَاد (ʔajdād) or جُدُود (judūd) or جُدُودَة (judūda), feminine جَدَّة (jadda))

1. grandfather
2. ancestor
3. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) glory
4. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) Majesty
5. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) grandeur
6. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) excellence
7. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) ancient

Declension

Declension of noun جَدّ (jadd)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدّ jadd	الْجَدّ al-jadd	جَدّ jadd
nominative	جَدٌّ jaddun	الْجَدُّ al-jaddu	جَدُّ jaddu
accusative	جَدًّا jaddan	الْجَدَّ al-jadda	جَدَّ jadda
genitive	جَدٍّ jaddin	الْجَدِّ al-jaddi	جَدِّ jaddi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَدَّيْن jaddayn	الْجَدَّيْن al-jaddayn	جَدَّيْ jadday
nominative	جَدَّانِ jaddāni	الْجَدَّانِ al-jaddāni	جَدَّا jaddā
accusative	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
genitive	جَدَّيْنِ jaddayni	الْجَدَّيْنِ al-jaddayni	جَدَّيْ jadday
plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūda	الْأَجْدَاد‎; الْجُدُود‎; الْجُدُودَة al-ʔajdād‎; al-judūd‎; al-judūda	أَجْدَاد‎; جُدُود‎; جُدُودَة ʔajdād‎; judūd‎; judūdat
nominative	أَجْدَادٌ‎; جُدُودٌ‎; جُدُودَةٌ ʔajdādun‎; judūdun‎; judūdatun	الْأَجْدَادُ‎; الْجُدُودُ‎; الْجُدُودَةُ al-ʔajdādu‎; al-judūdu‎; al-judūdatu	أَجْدَادُ‎; جُدُودُ‎; جُدُودَةُ ʔajdādu‎; judūdu‎; judūdatu
accusative	أَجْدَادًا‎; جُدُودًا‎; جُدُودَةً ʔajdādan‎; judūdan‎; judūdatan	الْأَجْدَادَ‎; الْجُدُودَ‎; الْجُدُودَةَ al-ʔajdāda‎; al-judūda‎; al-judūdata	أَجْدَادَ‎; جُدُودَ‎; جُدُودَةَ ʔajdāda‎; judūda‎; judūdata
genitive	أَجْدَادٍ‎; جُدُودٍ‎; جُدُودَةٍ ʔajdādin‎; judūdin‎; judūdatin	الْأَجْدَادِ‎; الْجُدُودِ‎; الْجُدُودَةِ al-ʔajdādi‎; al-judūdi‎; al-judūdati	أَجْدَادِ‎; جُدُودِ‎; جُدُودَةِ ʔajdādi‎; judūdi‎; judūdati

Coordinate terms

Arabic family terms

عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila, “family”)		Male	Female
parent		أَب (ʔab, “father”)	أُمّ (ʔumm, “mother”)
grandparent		جَدّ (jadd, “grandfather”)	جَدَّة (jadda, “grandmother”)
sibling		أَخ (ʔaḵ, “brother”)	أُخْت (ʔuḵt, “sister”)
child		اِبْن (ibn, “son”)	اِبْنَة (ibna, “daughter”)
grandchild		حَفِيد (ḥafīd, “grandson”)	حَفِيدَة (ḥafīda, “granddaughter”)
parent's sibling	paternal	عَمّ (ʕamm, “paternal uncle”)	عَمَّة (ʕamma, “paternal aunt”)
	maternal	خَال (ḵāl, “maternal uncle”)	خَالَة (ḵāla, “maternal aunt”)
spouse		زَوْج (zawj, “husband”)	زَوْجَة (zawja, “wife”)
parent of spouse		حَم (ḥam, “father-in-law”)	حَمَاة (ḥamāh, “mother-in-law”)
relative through marriage		صِهْر (ṣihr, “in-law”)	كَنَّة (kanna, “in-law”)
stepparent		رَابّ (rābb, “stepfather”)	رَابَّة (rābba, “stepmother”)
stepchild		رَبِيب (rabīb, “stepson”)	رَبِيبَة (rabība, “stepdaughter”)

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: يد (yad(d))
• Maltese: ġidd
• → Ottoman Turkish: جد (cedd)
  • Turkish: cet

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “جد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

جِدْ • (jid) (form I) /d͡ʒid/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of وَجَدَ (wajada)

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic جَدّ (jadd, “grandfather”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡidd/, [ɡɪdː], [ˈɡɪdːe] (before a consonant), [ɡed] (sentence final)

Noun

جدّ • (gidd) m (plural اجداد (agdād), feminine جدّة (gidda))

1. grandfather

   Synonym: جدّو (giddu) (familiar)

2. (chiefly in the plural) ancestor

Derived terms

• جدّو (giddu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic جَادّ (jādd, “serious”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

Adjective

جدّ • (gadd) (singular only, masculine only)

1. serious

   الموضوع جدّ ― il-mawḍūʕ gadd ― The situation is serious

Related terms

• بجدّ (bigadd, “actually; really”)

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَدَّ (jadda, “to work diligently; to be serious”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡadd/, [ɡædː], [ˈɡædːe] (before a consonant), [ɡæd] (sentence final)

Verb

جدّ • (gadd) (verbal noun جدّ (gidd))

1. (uncommon, somewhat formal) to work hard, to work diligently

   Synonym: اجتهد (igtahad)

Usage notes

Usually only used with اجتهد (igtahad).

جدّ واجتهد ― gidd w-igtihid ― Work hard (imperative)

Conjugation

Conjugation of جد

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	جديت (gaddēt)	جديت (gaddēt)	جد (gadd)		جدينا (gaddēna)	جديتوا (gaddētu)	جدوا (gaddu)
	f		جديتي (gaddēti)	جدت (gaddit)
present subjunctive	m	اجد (agidd)	تجد (tigidd)	يجد (yigidd)		نجد (nigidd)	تجدوا (tigiddu)	يجدوا (yigiddu)
	f		تجدي (tigiddi)	تجد (tígidd)
present indicative	m	بجد (bagidd)	بتجد (bitgidd)	بيجد (biygidd)		بنجد (bingidd)	بتجدوا (bitgiddu)	بيجدوا (biygiddu)
	f		بتجدي (bitgiddi)	بتجد (bitgidd)
future1	m	هجد (hagidd)	هتجد (hatgidd)	هيجد (haygidd)		هنجد (hangidd)	هتجدوا (hatgiddu)	هيجدوا (haygiddu)
	f		هتجدي (hatgiddi)	هتجد (hatgidd)
imperative	m		جد (gidd)				جدوا (giddu)
	f		جدي (giddi)

¹ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒadd/

Noun

جد • (jadd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدة (jadda))

1. grandfather

   جدي توفى هادي شي سبع سنين.

   jaddi twaffa hādi ši sabʕ snīn.

   My grandfather died approximately 7 years ago.

2. ancestor

   جدودنا كانوا ناس. ― jdūdna kānu nās. ― Our ancestors were brave people.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جد • (cedd) (plural اجداد (ecdad))

1. ancestor

Descendants

• Turkish: cet

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒadd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæd̪̥(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäd̪(ː)]

• Rhymes: -add

Readings
Classical reading?	jadd
Dari reading?	jadd
Iranian reading?	jadd
Tajik reading?	jadd

Noun

Dari	جد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷад

جد • (jadd) (plural اجداد (ajdād))

1. ancestor
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 367:

     گر نبودی کوشش احمد تو هم
     میپرستیدی چو اجدادت صنم

     gar na-būdī kōšiš-i ahmad tū ham
     mē-parastīdī čō ajdād-at sanam

     Had it not been for the efforts of Ahmad, you also,
     like your ancestors, would be worshipping idols.

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “جد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒadd/, [ʒad]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic جَدّ (jadd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd, jidd) m (plural جدود (jdūd), feminine جدّة (jadde, jidde))

1. grandfather

   Endearing form: جدّو (jaddo, jiddo)

   Synonym: سيد (sīd)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Arabic جِدّ (jidd).

Noun

جدّ • (jadd) m

1. seriousness, earnestness

Derived terms

• عن جد (ʕan jadd, “seriously, really”)