Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/patikárah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *pati- (“against, up to”) +‎ *karah (“something made, done”),^[1] from *Hákart (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákart.

Noun

*patikárah m^[2]

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*patikárah	*patikárā(w)	*patikárāh(ah)
vocative	*patikára	*patikárā(w)	*patikárāh(ah)
accusative	*patikáram	*patikárā(w)	*patikárānh
instrumental	*patikáraH	*patikáraybʰyā(m)	*patikárāyš
ablative	*patikárāt	*patikáraybʰyā(m)	*patikáraybʰyah
dative	*patikárāy	*patikáraybʰyā(m)	*patikáraybʰyah
genitive	*patikárahya	*patikárayāh	*patikárānaHam
locative	*patikáray	*patikárayaw	*patikárayšu

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (peckerek)
- Sogdian: (/⁠patkare⁠/) (←? Old Persian^[3])
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫤𐫞𐫡𐫏 (ptqry), 𐫛𐫤𐫐𐫡𐫀𐫐 (ptkrʾk), 𐫛𐫤𐫐𐫀𐫡𐫀 (ptkʾrʾ), 𐫛𐫤𐫐𐫡𐫞 (ptkrq)
  
  Sogdian: 𐼾𐽂𐼸𐽀𐼰𐼸 (ptkrʾk)
  
  Old Sogdian script: 𐼔𐼚𐼋𐼘𐼀𐼋 (ptkrʾk), 𐼔𐼚𐼋𐼘𐼀𐼊 (ptkrʾy)
  
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptqrʾy), [Syriac needed] (ptqry)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: (/⁠padkar⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫅𐫐𐫡 (pdkr)
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭕𐭊𐭓 (ptkr)
  - → Old Armenian: պատկեր (patker)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎣𐎼 (p-t-i-k-r /⁠patikaraʰ⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠pahikar⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫍𐫏𐫐𐫡 (phykr)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ptkl)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭩 (ptkly)
    - Classical Persian: پیکر (paykar)
      - Dari: پیکر (paykar)
      - Iranian Persian: پیکر (paykar)
      - Tajik: пайкар (paykar)
      - → Chagatai: پیکر (päykär)
    - → Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: په‌یکه‌ر (peyker)
      Northern Kurdish: peyker
  - → Aramaic:^[4]
    Biblical Aramaic: פתכר (ptkr, “sculpture, sculpted image”)^[5] [4th–5th c., Kesecek Köyü]
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פתיכרי (ptkrʾ /⁠pṯaḵrā⁠/)
    Classical Syriac: ܦܬܟܪܐ (pəṯaḵrā, “idol, image”)
    → Arabic: فِتَكْر (fitakr, “misfortune, formidable thing”)
  - → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁁𒋾𒆳𒌇 (bat-ti-kur-raš₂ /⁠batikuraš⁠/), 𒁁𒋾𒋼𒀀𒊏𒌝 (bat-ti-kar-ra-um /⁠batikaraum⁠/)^[4]

References

^ Kent, Roland G. (1950), “patikara-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, pages 194-195
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), “*kar-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ptkrʾk”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 311
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, pages 35, 79
^ Donner, Herbert; Röllig, Wolfgang (2002), “258”, in Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften, 5th edition (overall work in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 63

[1] Kent, Roland G. (1950), “patikara-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, pages 194-195

[2] Edelʹman, D. I. (2011), “*kar-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 252

[3] Gharib, B. (1995), “ptkrʾk”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 311

[Tavernier-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, pages 35, 79

[5] Donner, Herbert; Röllig, Wolfgang (2002), “258”, in Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften, 5th edition (overall work in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 63

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