Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšáfnyah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *xšápā ~ *xšáfnah (“night”) +‎ *-yah.

Noun

*xšáfnyah

1. evening
2. evening meal, supper

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (xšafniia)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Sogdian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫢𐫀𐫖 (xšʾm)

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (xšʾm)

    Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼰𐼺 (ʾɣšʾm)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: شومه (šúma)
  • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (feršun)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Gilaki: [script needed] (šåm)
  • Mazanderani: [script needed] (ašun, “night before last”)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Bashkardi:
    • Minabi: [script needed] (šohm)
  • Old Persian: *xšāfnyah
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (šʾm /⁠šām⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: شام (šâm)
        • Dari: شام (šâm)
        • Persian: شام (šâm)
        • Tajik: шом (šom)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)
• → Old Georgian: *ვახშამი (*vaxšami)
  • Georgian: ვახშამი (vaxšami, “supper”)
    • → Svan: უ̂ახშამ (ûaxšam)
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: ვახშმობა (vaxšmoba, “to have supper”)