Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/panua

This Proto-Oceanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Oceanic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *banua

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *banua

Proto-Oceanic *panua

Inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua.

Noun

*panua

inhabited area or territory
community together with its land and things on it
land (as opposed to the sea)
(weather) the visible world, land and sky

Descendants

Western Oceanic:
- Hiri Motu: hanua
- Molima: vanua
- Motu: hanua
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
- Southeast Solomonic:
  - 'Are'are: hanua
  - Arosi: hanua, henua
  - Bughotu: vanua
  - Kwaio: fanua
  - Longgu: vanua
  - Lau: fanua
  - Sa'a: hanua
- Southern Oceanic:
  - Mota: vanua
  - Nokuku: wenua
  - Wusi: wanua
- Proto-Micronesian: *fanua
  - Nuclear Micronesian:
    - Kosraean: acn
    - Gilbertese: anna (“dry land”)
    - Marshallese: āne
    - Chuukic–Pohnpeic:
      - Proto-Chuukic: *fanúa
        Chuukese: fénú
        Carolinian: falúw
        Ulithian–Woleaian:
        Woleaian: faliuw
        Puluwatese–Namonuito:
        Puluwat: fanú
        Satawalese–Mortlockese:
        Satawalese: falú
        Sonsorol–Tobi:
        Sonsorolese: danúa
- Central Pacific:
  - Fijian: vanua
  - Proto-Polynesian: *fenua
    - Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
      - Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: henua, honua
        Mangarevan: ’enua
        North Marquesan: henua
        South Marquesan: fenua
        Rapa Nui: henua
        Tahitic:
        Māori: whenua
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: fenua, henua
        Rarotongan: ʻenua
        Tahitian: fenua
        Tuamotuan: fenua
      - Samoic-Outlier:
        Ellicean:
        Kapingamarangi: fenua, henua
        Sikaiana: henua
        Takuu: fenua
        Tuvaluan: fenua
        Futunic:
        Anuta: penua
        East Futuna: fenua
        Emae: fenua
        Mele-Fila: fenua
        Pukapukan: wenua
        Tikopia: fenua
        Samoic:
        Samoan: fanua
        Tokelauan: fenua
    - Tongic:
      - Niuafo'ou: fenua
      - Tongan: fonua

References

M. Ross, A. Pawley, M. Osmond, editors (1998), “*panua”, in The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic‎^[1], volume 1: Material Culture, Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 62–3.
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*banua”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*banua”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary