Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/kɔlni

This Proto-Permic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Permic

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *kelke-. Cognates include Proto-Samic *këlkëtēk.

Verb

*kɔlni (stem *kɔl-)

1. (intransitive) to be necessary

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kɔlni (stem: *kɔl-)
Note: The Proto-Permic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	Present	Future	Preterite	Perfect
1st singular	*kɔla		*kɔli	*kɔlämi
2nd singular	*kɔlad		*kɔlid	*kɔlämid
3rd singular	*kɔlä	*kɔlas	*kɔli	*kɔlämi
1st plural	*kɔlami		*kɔlimi	*kɔlämmi
2nd plural	*kɔladi		*kɔlidi	*kɔlämdi
3rd plural	*kɔla	*kɔlazi	*kɔli	*kɔlämi
	Imperative	Connegative
Singular	*kɔl		Infinitive	*kɔlni
Plural	*kɔlä		Gerund	*kɔlman
	Present participle	Imperfect participle	Perfect participle	Caritive participle
	*kɔliś	*kɔlan	*kɔläm	*kɔltäm

Descendants

• Komi:
  • Komi-Permyak: ко́вны (kóvny)
  • Komi-Yazva: ко́лнө (kólnå)
  • Komi-Zyrian: ковны (kovny)
• Udmurt: кулэ (kule) (3rd person singular)

References

• Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “ковны”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka