Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bakati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Most likely from *ba- (“to speak, to enchant”) +‎ *-kati. Akin to Lithuanian bóskoti (“to tell”).

Verb

*bakati impf

1. to rattle, to mumble
2. (secondary) to reprove, to protest

Conjugation

Conjugation of *bakati, *baka, *bakajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bakanьje	*bakati	*bakatъ	*bakalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bakanъ	*bakajemъ
Active	*bakavъ	*bakaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bakaxъ	*baka	*baka	*bakajǫ	*bakaješi	*bakajetь
Dual	*bakaxově	*bakasta	*bakaste	*bakajevě	*bakajeta	*bakajete
Plural	*bakaxomъ	*bakaste	*bakašę	*bakajemъ	*bakajete	*bakajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bakaaxъ	*bakaaše	*bakaaše	—	*bakaji	*bakaji
Dual	*bakaaxově	*bakaašeta	*bakaašete	*bakajivě	*bakajita	—
Plural	*bakaaxomъ	*bakaašete	*bakaaxǫ	*bakajimъ	*bakajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ба́каць (bákacʹ)
  • Russian: ба́кать (bákatʹ) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: ба́кати (bákaty)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: bakati, bákat (dialectal)
  • Old Polish: bakać
    • Polish: bakać

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*bakati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ба́кать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably of expressive origin.

Outside of Slavic, formally resembles Ancient Greek βαστάζω (bastázō, “to carry, to handle”) and Latin *bastō (“to carry”), battuō (“to pound”), however, common origin is unlikely.

Verb

*bakati impf (perfective *baknǫti) (regional)

1. to inflict, to exert (force, impact, damage)
2. to exact, to affect
3. (figurative) to kiss

Conjugation

Conjugation of *bakati, *baka, *bakajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bakanьje	*bakati	*bakatъ	*bakalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bakanъ	*bakajemъ
Active	*bakavъ	*bakaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bakaxъ	*baka	*baka	*bakajǫ	*bakaješi	*bakajetь
Dual	*bakaxově	*bakasta	*bakaste	*bakajevě	*bakajeta	*bakajete
Plural	*bakaxomъ	*bakaste	*bakašę	*bakajemъ	*bakajete	*bakajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bakaaxъ	*bakaaše	*bakaaše	—	*bakaji	*bakaji
Dual	*bakaaxově	*bakaašeta	*bakaašete	*bakajivě	*bakajita	—
Plural	*bakaaxomъ	*bakaašete	*bakaaxǫ	*bakajimъ	*bakajite	—

Related terms

• *batati, (possibly) *batьcati
• *batъ (“club”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • >? Ukrainian: ба́цати (bácaty), ба́цькати (bácʹkaty, “to push”) (if not from *batьcati)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ба́кам (bákam) (obsolete, formal)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ба́цам (bácam), ба́чкам (báčkam)
  • Macedonian: *бака (*baka) (outdated)
    • ⇒ Macedonian: баца (baca, “to soil, to pollute”), бацува (bacuva, “to kiss”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: ба̀кати, ба̀цати
    • Latin script: bàkati, bàcati

Further reading

• Snoj, Marko (2016) “kobacati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz *ba̋tati ‛tolči’”