Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržava
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Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *dьržati (“to hold”) + *-ava.
Noun[edit]
*dьržava f
Usage notes[edit]
Most of the modern descendants have developed the meaning of country, state
Declension[edit]
Declension of *dьržava (hard a-stem)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *dьržava | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
genitive | *dьržavy | *dьržavu | *dьržavъ |
dative | *dьržavě | *dьržavama | *dьržavamъ |
accusative | *dьržavǫ | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
instrumental | *dьržavojǫ, *dьržavǫ** | *dьržavama | *dьržavami |
locative | *dьržavě | *dьržavu | *dьržavasъ, *dьržavaxъ* |
vocative | *dьržavo | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References[edit]
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “държава”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 461
Further Reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “держава”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress