država

See also: dŕžava

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьržava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdr̩ʒava]
• Hyphenation: dr‧ža‧va

Noun

država f

1. dependency, domain, dominion

Declension

Declension of država (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	država	državy
genitive	državy	držav
dative	državě	državám
accusative	državu	državy
vocative	državo	državy
locative	državě	državách
instrumental	državou	državami

Further reading

• “država”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “država”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “država”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьržava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dř̩ʒaʋa/
• Hyphenation: dr‧ža‧va

Noun

dr̀žava f (Cyrillic spelling др̀жава, relational adjective dr̀žāvnī)

1. country
2. state

Declension

Declension of država

	singular	plural
nominative	država	države
genitive	države	država
dative	državi	državama
accusative	državu	države
vocative	državo	države
locative	državi	državama
instrumental	državom	državama

Further reading

• “država”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьržava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dərʒáːʋa/
• Rhymes: -áːʋa
• Hyphenation: dr‧ža‧va

Noun

držȃva f

1. country (an organized political community that has sovereign authority over a spatially limited territory)
   • 2024 December 25, STA, Trump za smrtno kazen / »Spet bomo država zakona in reda«‎^[1]:

     Napovedal je, da bo ob prevzemu predsedniškega položaja pravosodnemu ministrstvu naročil, naj "odločno uveljavlja smrtno kazen", da bi "zaščitil ameriške družine in otroke pred nasilnimi posiljevalci, morilci in pošastmi". "Spet bomo država zakona in reda," je še dodal.

     He announced that when he takes office, he will instruct the Justice Department to "vigorously enforce the death penalty" in order to "protect American families and children from violent rapists, murderers and monsters". "We will once again be a country of law and order", he added.

2. state (the political force that represents, leads, and governs this community)
   • 2023 January 23, STA, Dušan Jelinčič / »O tigrovskem gibanju so pisali zgodovinarji, pisatelji pa še ne«‎^[2]:

     "Na srečo mu, tudi zaradi različnih amnestij s strani italijanske države - denimo poroka italijanskega kralja - ni bilo treba prestati vseh 20 let predpisane zaporne kazni. Pozneje je bil sicer še tri leta v italijanski konfinaciji. Tudi to je bil zanj zelo žalosten čas, saj mu je tik pred tem na porodu umrla žena, obenem pa ni mogel biti ob hčerkah, za kateri je skrb prevzela svakinja," je še poudrail.

     "Fortunately, also thanks to various amnesties granted by the Italian state - such as the marriage of the Italian king - he did not have to serve the full 20 years of his sentence. Later, he was in Italian confine for another three years. This was also a very sad time for him, as his wife had died in childbirth shortly before and he was unable to be with his daughters, who were being cared for by his sister-in-law," he stressed.

Declension

First feminine declension (a-stem) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	držȃva
gen. sing.	držȃve
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	držȃva	držȃvi	držȃve
genitive rodȋlnik	držȃve	držȃv	držȃv
dative dajȃlnik	držȃvi	držȃvama	držȃvam
accusative tožȋlnik	držȃvo	držȃvi	držȃve
locative mẹ̑stnik	držȃvi	držȃvah	držȃvah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	držȃvo	držȃvama	držȃvami
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	držȃva	držȃvi	držȃve

Derived terms

nouns

• policȋjska držȃva f

Further reading

• “država”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “država”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references