Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gospoďa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *gospodь +‎ *-ja.

Noun

*gospoďa f^[1]^[2]

lady

Inflection

Declension of *gospoďa (soft a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gospoďa	*gospoďi	*gospoďę̇
genitive	*gospoďę̇	*gospoďu	*gospoďь
dative	*gospoďi	*gospoďama	*gospoďamъ
accusative	*gospoďǫ	*gospoďi	*gospoďę̇
instrumental	gospoďejǫ, gospoďǫ^**	*gospoďama	*gospoďami
locative	*gospoďi	*gospoďu	gospoďasъ, gospoďaxъ^*
vocative	*gospoďe	*gospoďi	*gospoďę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: госпожа (gospoža)
  - Old Ruthenian: госпожа́ (hospožá), господжа́ (hospodžá), оспожа́ (ospožá)^[3]^[4]
    - Ukrainian: госпожа́ (hospožá) (obsolete, archaic)
  - Russian: госпожа́ (gospožá)
    - → Bulgarian: госпожа́ (gospožá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: госпожда (gospožda)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱄⱂⱁⰶⰴⰰ (gospožda)
- Macedonian: госпоѓа (gospoǵa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: го̏спођа
  
  Latin script: gȍspođa
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): gȍspoja
  - Chakavian (Orlec): Gospojȁ (“Virgin Mary”)
  - Chakavian (Crikvenica): Gȍspoja (“Virgin Mary”)
  - Chakavian (Grobnik): Gȍspoja (“Virgin Mary”)
- Slovene: gospá (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Polish: gospodza
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: hospoza
  - Lower Sorbian: góspoza

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “gospodja gospodjě”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b dame, frue (PR 135)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “gospá”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gospod'a̋”
^ Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1986), “госпожа”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 7 (гляденье – девичество), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 111
^ Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “госпожа”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 256

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “gospodja gospodjě”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b dame, frue (PR 135)”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016), “gospá”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gospod'a̋”

[3] Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1986), “госпожа”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 7 (гляденье – девичество), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 111

[4] Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “госпожа”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 256

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