Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krupa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kraupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krowp-eh₂, from *krewp-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian kr̨aũpa (“wart”). Indo-European cognates include Icelandic hrýfi (“scabies”).

Noun

*krūpà f

1. grainy substance, groats, hail

Inflection

Declension of *krūpà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krūpà	*krũpě	*krūpỳ
genitive	*krūpỳ	*krūpù	*krũpъ
dative	*krūpě̀	*krūpàma	*krūpàmъ
accusative	*krūpǫ̀	*krũpě	*krūpỳ
instrumental	*krūpòjǫ, *krũpǫ**	*krūpàma	*krūpàmī
locative	*krūpě̀	*krūpù	*krūpàsъ, *krūpàxъ*
vocative	*krupo	*krũpě	*krūpỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *krupьnъ (“course”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: крупа́ (krupá)
    • Russenorsk: gropa
  • Ukrainian: крупа (krupa)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: крупа (krupa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кру́па

    Latin script: krúpa

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): krũpa
    • Chakavian (Novi): krūpȁ
  • Slovene: krúpa (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: krúpa
    • Czech: kroupa
      • Moravian (Mistřice): krúpa
  • Polish: krupy
  • Slovak: krúpy
  • Slovincian: krȧ̃pä
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: krupa
    • Lower Sorbian: kšupa

Non-Slavic descendants:

• ⇒ German: Graupe

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “крупа́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress