Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьstiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *mьstь (“revenge, vengeance”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*mьstiti

1. to avenge, to take vengeance upon

Inflection

Conjugation of *mьstiti, *mьsti, *mьstitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*mьsťenьje	*mьstiti	*mьstitъ	*mьstilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*mьsťenъ	*mьstimъ
Active	*mьsťь	*mьstę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mьstixъ	*mьsti	*mьsti	*mьsťǫ	*mьstiši	*mьstitь
Dual	*mьstixově	*mьstista	*mьstiste	*mьstivě	*mьstita	*mьstite
Plural	*mьstixomъ	*mьstiste	*mьstišę	*mьstimъ	*mьstite	*mьstętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mьsťaaxъ	*mьsťaaše	*mьsťaaše	—	*mьsti	*mьsti
Dual	*mьsťaaxově	*mьsťaašeta	*mьsťaašete	*mьstivě	*mьstita	—
Plural	*mьsťaaxomъ	*mьsťaašete	*mьsťaaxǫ	*mьstimъ	*mьstite	—

Notes:
• (*)*mьstivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мьстити (mĭstiti)
    • Belarusian: мсціць (mscicʹ) (dialectal)
    • Russian: мстить (mstitʹ)
    • Ukrainian: мсти́ти (mstýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: мьстити (mĭstiti)

    Glagolitic: ⰿⱐⱄⱅⰻⱎⰻ (mĭstiši)

  • Bulgarian: мъстя́ (mǎstjá)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мастити (archaic?)

    Latin: mastiti (archaic?)

  • Slovene: məstīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: mstiti
    • Czech: mstít
  • Kashubian: mscëc
  • Old Polish: mścić
    • Polish: mścić
  • Slovak: mstiť (archaic)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: msćiś (archaic)

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “месть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 526
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “месть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мстить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьstiti (sę) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 21 (*mъrskovatъjь – *nadějьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 172