Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъžь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Related to Lithuanian rugỹs, Latvian rudzis, Old Prussian rugis, Proto-Germanic *rugiz (see Old Norse rugr, English rye).

Noun

*rъžь f

1. rye (plant)

Declension

Declension of *rъ̏žь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rъ̏žь	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži
genitive	*rъží	*rъžьjù, *rъžu*	*rъžь̀jь
dative	*rъ̏ži	*rъžьmà	*rъ̏žьmъ
accusative	*rъ̏žь	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži
instrumental	*rъžьjǫ́	*rъžьmà	*rъžьmì
locative	*rъží	*rъžьjù, *rъžu*	*rъ̏žьxъ
vocative	*rъži	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: рожъ (rož), рожь (rožʹ)
      • Belarusian: аржа f (arža) (obsolete, rare, 1851)
      • Ukrainian: ріж (riž) (dialectal)
    • Russian: рожь (rožʹ)
      • → Armenian: արիշ (ariš) (via a Kipchak language)
      • → Bashkir: арыш (arış)
      • → Crimean Tatar: арыш / arış
      • → Kildin Sami: ро̄шшь (rōšš’)
      • → Tatar: арыш (arış)
      • → Yakut: оруос (oruos)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)
  • Bulgarian: ръж (rǎž)
  • Macedonian: ’рж (’rž)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̑ж

    Latin script: rȃž

  • Slovene: ȓž, rəž (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: rež
    • Czech: rež
      • Moravian (Mistřice): réš
  • Polabian: raz
  • Kashubian: reż
  • Old Polish: reż
    • Silesian: reż
  • Slovak: raž
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: rež
    • Upper Sorbian: rož

• → Hungarian: rozs (from some Slavic source)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рожь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress