Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volxъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From a reflex of Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Elmar Seebold (2015) suggests a Gothic intermediary. Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff also claims an intermediary without explicitly mentioning Gothic. She states that the exact donor language cannot be determined, but notes that the borrowing must have happened in a situation where Germanic, Slavic and Latin/Romance speakers interacted, citing the possibility of a borrowing at the lower Danube region during the fourth to fifth centuries.

Noun

*vòlxъ m

1. a Roman, a speaker of a Romance language

Declension

Declension of *vòlxъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlśi
Accusative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlxy
Genitive	*vòlxa	*vòlxu	*vòlxъ
Locative	*vòlśě	*vòlxu	*vòlśě̄xъ
Dative	*vòlxu	*vòlxoma	*vòlxomъ
Instrumental	*vòlxъmь, *vòlxomь*	*vòlxoma	*vòlxȳ
Vocative	*vòlše	*vòlxa	*vòlśi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *volšьskъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: волохъ (voloxŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: волохъ (volox)
      • Ukrainian: волох (volox)
    • Russian: воло́х (volóx)
      • → German: Wallach
        • → Polish: wałach
    • → Polish: Wołoch
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: влахъ (vlaxŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⰰⱈⱏ (vlaxŭ)

    • → Byzantine Greek: Βλάχος (Blákhos)
      • Greek: Βλάχος (Vláchos)
  • Bulgarian: влах (vlah)
  • Macedonian: влав (vlav)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Vlah
    • → Hungarian: olasz
  • Slovene: lȁh (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: Vlach
  • Polish: Włoch
  • Lower Sorbian: Łoch, łoski

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: oláh
  • → Aromanian: vlah
  • → Romanian: valah, Valahia
    • → Czech: valach
    • → Slovak: valach
  • → English: Vlach, Wallachia

Further reading

• Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎^[1] (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 99
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “воло́х”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 525, 530