Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volxъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *valxu, borrowed from either Proto-West Germanic *walh (“foreigner”) or Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (*walhs, “foreigner”), both from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Per Skok it was borrowed from the Balkan Gothic on the lower Danube, where the Slavs first met the Romans between the 4th and 5th centuries (see Ulfilas).

Noun

*vòlxъ m

1. a Roman, a speaker of a Romance language

Declension

Declension of *vòlxъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlśi
genitive	*vòlxa	*vòlxu	*vòlxъ
dative	*vòlxu	*vòlxoma	*vòlxomъ
accusative	*vòlxъ	*vòlxa	*vòlxy
instrumental	*vòlxъmь, *vòlxomь*	*vòlxoma	*vòlxȳ
locative	*vòlśě	*vòlxu	*vòlśě̄xъ
vocative	*vòlše	*vòlxa	*vòlśi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *volšьskъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: воло́хъ (volóxŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: воло́хъ (volóx)
      • Belarusian: вало́х (valóx)
      • Ukrainian: воло́х (volóx)
    • Russian: воло́х (volóx)
      • → German: Wallach
        • → Russian: вала́х (valáx)
        • → Polish: wałach
    • → Polish: Wołoch
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: влахъ (vlaxŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⰰⱈⱏ (vlaxŭ)

    • Bulgarian: влах (vlah)
    • → Byzantine Greek: Βλάχος (Blákhos)
      • Greek: Βλάχος (Vláchos)
  • Macedonian: влав (vlav)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: Вла̏х

    Latin script: Vlȁh

    • → Hungarian: olasz
  • Slovene: lȁh (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: Vlach
    • Czech: Vlach
  • Polish: Włoch
  • Slovak: Vlach
  • Pannonian Rusyn: Влах (Vlax)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: Łoch

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: vlláh
  • → Aromanian: vlah
  • → Hungarian: oláh
  • → Megleno-Romanian: vlah
  • → Romanian: valah, Valahia
    • → Czech: valach
    • → Slovak: valach
  • → English: Vlach, Wallachia

Further reading

• Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “Włoch”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 626
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “воло́х”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎^[3], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., pages 525, 530