Vlach

English

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *volxъ (“speaker of a Romance language”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“non-Germanic foreigner, Celt; later Roman”). Presumably introduced into Slavic around the 7th century, but first recorded only in the 11th century in Byzantine Greek. In English used as a synonym of "Wallachian" from the 19th century. The word is etymologically distantly related to Wales/Welsh, Walloon, and Gaul. Doublet of Gaul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vlɑːk], [vlæk]

  Rhymes: -ɑːk, -æk

Noun

Vlach populations in modern Europe.

Vlach (plural Vlachs or Vlach)

1. A Wallachian.
2. A Romanian.
3. Any member of an Eastern Romance speaking group, including Romanians, Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians.
4. Any member of a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów

Usage notes

The third sense above, meaning any member of an Eastern Romance speaking group of people, is among the most commonly used today, and in many cases can refer particularly or more so to Balkan groups other than Romanians themselves, such as Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, etc. (often including the Romanian-speaking minority of eastern Serbia), or to refer to migrations of Romanian speakers to other parts of Eastern and Central Europe in the past (outside Romania or before the modern state's formation), and the regions historically occupied and influenced by these people (e.g. Moravian Wallachia or parts of southern Poland). However, these usages depend on the context, and some may be more colloquial than others, as there is not a uniform consensus on the precise definition of Vlach by all users of the word. Strictly speaking, and as often used by academics, the word is inclusive of Romanians/Wallachians as well as the other related groups, but when referring to Romanians, is especially used in a historical context.

Related terms

• Wallachia
• Wallachian
• Wales, Welsh
• Walloon
• Vlachic
• Morlach (possibly)

Further reading

• Definition of Vlach from Encyclopedia Britannica
• Definition for Vlach from The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
• Definition of Vlach from Online Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ (“speaker of a Romance language”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“non-Germanic foreigner, Celt; later Roman”). Compare Polish Włoch. Doublet of Valach.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvlax]
• Rhymes: -ax
• Hyphenation: Vlach

Noun

Vlach m anim (feminine Vlaška or Vlachyně)

1. (archaic) Italian (person)

   Synonym: Ital

Declension

Declension of Vlach (velar masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	Vlach	Vlachové, Vlaši
genitive	Vlacha	Vlachů
dative	Vlachovi, Vlachu	Vlachům
accusative	Vlacha	Vlachy
vocative	Vlachu	Vlachové, Vlaši
locative	Vlachovi, Vlachu	Vlaších
instrumental	Vlachem	Vlachy

Related terms

• Vlachy m
• Vlašsko n
• vlašský
• vlaština f

 

Further reading

• Vlach in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• Vlach in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volxъ (“speaker of a Romance language”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“non-Germanic foreigner, Celt; later Roman”). Compare Polish Włoch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vlax]
• Rhymes: -ax
• Hyphenation: Vlach

Noun

Vlach m (genitive singular Vlacha, nominative plural Vlasi, genitive plural Vlachov, declension pattern of chlap)

1. (archaic) Italian (person)

   Synonym: Talian

Declension

Declension of Vlach

	singular	plural
nominative	Vlach	Vlasi
genitive	Vlacha	Vlachov
dative	Vlachovi	Vlachom
accusative	Vlacha	Vlachov
locative	Vlachovi	Vlachoch
instrumental	Vlachom	Vlachmi

Related terms

• Vlachyňa f
• Vlaška f
• vlašský

 

Further reading

• “Vlach”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024