Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bakïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*bakïr

1. copper (metal)

Declension

Declension of *bakïr

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*bakïr
Accusative	*bakïrnï, *bakïrïg 4), *bakïrnïg 1)
Genitive	*bakïrnïŋ
Dative	*bakïrka
Locative	*bakïrta
Ablative	*bakïrtan
Allative	*bakïrgaru
Instrumental 2)	*bakïrïn
Equative 2)	*bakïrča
Similative 2)	*bakïrlayu
Comitative 2)	*bakïrlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

See also

• *yeŕ

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: пӑхӑр (păh̬ăr)
• Common Turkic: *bakïr

• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *bakïr
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (baqır)
      • Azerbaijani: paxır
      • Ottoman Turkish: باقر (bakır), باقیر (bakır), بقر (bakır)
        • Turkish: bakır
        • → Albanian: bakër
        • → Armenian: պախըր (paxər), փախըր (pʻaxər)
        • → Aromanian: bãcãri
        • → Bulgarian: бакъ́р (bakǎ́r)
        • → Greek: μπακίρι (bakíri)
        • → Ladino: bakir
        • → Laz: ბაქირი (bakiri), ბაკირი (baǩiri); ბაკკირი (baǩǩiri); ბაქიი (bakii), ბაქიჲი (bakiyi)
        • → Macedonian: бакар (bakar)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: ба̀кар

          Latin script: bàkar

          • → Slovene: báker
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بَقِرْ (baqır)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (baqır), [script needed] (paqır)
      • Chagatai: پاقر (paqır)
        • Uzbek: paqir
        • Uyghur: [script needed] (paqır)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: بقر (baqır)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: баҡыр (baqır)
      • Tatar: бакыр (baqır)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: baqır
      • Karachay-Balkar: багъыр (bağır)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (baɣır)
      • Kumyk: багъыр (bağır)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бақыр (baqyr)
        • Karakalpak: [script needed] (baqır)
        • Nogai: бакыр (bakır)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: бакыр (bakır)
        • ⇒ Southern Altai: бакрас (bakras)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (baqır)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (baqır)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (paqır)
  • North Siberian:
    • ⇒? Yakut: баҕарах (bağaraq, “pot for boiling milk”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: пағыр (pağır)

See also

Minerals in Proto-Turkic
Stone	stone: *tiāĺ	Iron	iron: *temür	Silver	silver: *kümüĺ
Gold	gold: *altun	Strawberry	copper: *bakïr	Chalk	chalk or earth: *bōr
Coal	coal: *kömür	Salt	salt: *tūŕ	Lead	lead: *korguĺčïn

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bakɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill