Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŕgan
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Proto-Turkic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Analysis as *kaŕ- (“to dig out”) + *-gan is often proposed, however not without some controversy; see literature for details.
Noun
[edit]*kaŕgan
Declension
[edit]Declension of *kaŕgan
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *kaŕgan |
Accusative | *kaŕganïg, *kaŕgannï1) |
Genitive | *kaŕgannïŋ |
Dative | *kaŕganka |
Locative | *kaŕganta |
Ablative | *kaŕgantan |
Allative | *kaŕgangaru |
Instrumental 2) | *kaŕganïn |
Equative 2) | *kaŕganča |
Similative 2) | *kaŕganlayu |
Comitative 2) | *kaŕganlïgu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
[edit]- → Middle Mongol: [Arabic needed] (qazghan) (Ibn Muhanna)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: qazğân
- Proto-Oghuz: *γazan
- West Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qazan
- Ottoman Turkish: قزان (qazan), قزغان (kazğan)
- Gagauz: kazan
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: gazan
- West Oghuz:
- Siberian:
Further reading
[edit]- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kazğa:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 682
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 188
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1390