Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tümen
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic[edit]
| ← 10 | ← 1,000 | 10,000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *tümen Ordinal: *tümeninči Distributive: *tümener Collective: *tümenegü | ||||
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain, possibly loaned from Tocharian A tmāṃ or Tocharian B tᵤmāne (“ten thousand”), ultimately from Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH, “myriad”)
Possibly derived from Proto-Turkic *tüm (“all, entirely”).
See also Mongolian түм (tüm, “ten thousand”), Manchu ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (tumen, “ten thousand”).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Adverb[edit]
*tümen
Numeral[edit]
*tümen
Declension[edit]
Declension of *tümen
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *tümen |
| Accusative | *tümenni, *tümenig 4), *tümennig 1) |
| Genitive | *tümenniŋ |
| Dative | *tümenke |
| Locative | *tümente |
| Ablative | *tümenten |
| Allative | *tümengerü |
| Instrumental 2) | *tümenin |
| Equative 2) | *tümenče |
| Similative 2) | *tümenleyü |
| Comitative 2) | *tümenligü |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants[edit]
- Common Turkic: *tümen
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References[edit]
- ^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)[1] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 983, page 632
- ^ Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)[2], Utrecht: LOT, page 527
- ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 187
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tümen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 507-508
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tümen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 504