Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kastell

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin castellum.

Noun

*kastell m

1. castle, fort, stronghold

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kastell
Genitive	*kastellas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kastell	*kastellō, *kastellōs
Accusative	*kastell	*kastellā
Genitive	*kastellas	*kastellō
Dative	*kastellē	*kastellum
Instrumental	*kastellu	*kastellum

Descendants

• Old English: castel, castell, cæstel, ċeastel
  • Middle English: castel, castelle, castle, chastel (reinforced by Old French)
    • English: castle
      • → Tongan: kāsolo
    • Scots: castle
    • → Scottish Gaelic: caisteal
• Old Saxon: kastel
  • Middle Low German: kastêl, castêl, casteyl, kastel, kastell, kastelle
    • German Low German: Kasteel, Kastell
    • → Danish: kastel
    • → Esperanto: kastelo
      • Ido: kastelo
    • → Icelandic: kastali
    • → Swedish: kastell
• Old Dutch: *kastel
  • Middle Dutch: casteel (reinforced by Old French)
    • Dutch: kasteel
      • Afrikaans: kasteel
      • Negerhollands: kastell
      • → Mahican: găstēnik
      • → Malay: kastil
        • Indonesian: kastel, kastil
      • → Papiamentu: kastel
      • → West Frisian: kastiel
    • Limburgish: kestieël
    • West Flemish: kastêel, kastjil
    • → Middle High German: kastēl
      • German: Kastell (partially)
• Old High German: kastel
  • Middle High German: kastel, kastēl
    • Cimbrian: khastel
    • German: Kastell (see there for further descendants)
    • → Old Czech: kostel
      • Czech: kostel
      • → Polish: kościół (see there for further descendants)
      • → Slovak: kostol