Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sturmaz.

Noun

*sturm m

1. storm

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*sturm, *sturma
Genitive	*sturmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*sturm, *sturma	*sturmōs
Accusative	*sturm, *sturma	*sturmā
Genitive	*sturmas	*sturmō
Dative	*sturmē	*sturmum
Instrumental	*sturmu	*sturmum

Descendants

• Old English: storm, stearm
  • Middle English: storm
    • English: storm
      • → Esperanto: ŝtormo
      • → Irish: stoirm
      • → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm
    • Scots: storm
    • Yola: stharm, starm
  • → Middle Welsh: ystorym
    • Welsh: storm
• Old Frisian: *storm
  • Saterland Frisian: Stoarm
  • West Frisian: stoarm
• Old Saxon: storm
  • Middle Low German: storm
    • German Low German: Storm
    • → Polish: sztorm
• Old Dutch: *sturm
  • Middle Dutch: storm
    • Dutch: storm
      • Afrikaans: storm
      • Negerhollands: storm
      • → Papiamentu: storm
• Old High German: sturm
  • Middle High German: sturm
    • German: Sturm
    • Yiddish: שטורעם (shturem)
    • → Polish: szturm
    • → Russian: штурм (šturm)
    • Luxembourgish: Stuerm
    • Hunsrik: Storrem
  • Lombardic: *sturm
    • → Italian: stormo
• → Vulgar Latin: *estornus, *estorma
  • Old French: estor, estour, estur, estorme, estorn
    • Middle French: estor, estour
    • → Middle English: stour, store, stor
      • English: stour
      • Scots: sture, stour
  • Occitan: estorn