Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/turb

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *turbz.

Noun

*turb m or f

1. turf, peat

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*turb
Genitive	*turbi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*turb	*turbi
Accusative	*turbu	*turbi
Genitive	*turbi	*turbō
Dative	*turbi	*turbum
Instrumental	*turbi	*turbum

Descendants

• Old English: turf f
  • Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfe
    • English: turf
    • Scots: turr, truff
    • Yola: thrive
• Old Frisian: turf
  • >? Saterland Frisian: Toarks
  • West Frisian: turf (also possibly from Dutch)
• Old Saxon: *torf, turf m
  • Middle Low German: torf m
    • German Low German: Torf
    • → German: Torf
      • Polish: torf
      • Portuguese: turfa
      • Russian: торф (torf)
        • → Abkhaz: а-то́рф (a-tʼórf)
        • → Armenian: տորֆ (torf)
        • → Azerbaijani: torf
        • → Georgian: ტორფი (ṭorpi)
        • → Ossetian: торф (torf)
• → Old French: torbe
  • French: tourbe
    • → Italian: torba
• Old Dutch: *torf, *turf
  • Middle Dutch: turf, torf m
    • Dutch: turf m
• >? Old High German: zurft f (doubtful; singularily attested and phonetically irregular)