Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/turb

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *turbz.

Noun

*turb m or f

turf, peat

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*turb
Genitive	*turbi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*turb	*turbi
Accusative	*turbu	*turbi
Genitive	*turbi	*torbō
Dative	*turbi	*turbum
Instrumental	*turbi	*turbum

Descendants

Old English: turf f
- Middle English: turf, turfe, torf, tourfe
  - English: turf
  - Scots: turr, truff
  - Yola: thrive
Old Frisian: turf
- >? Saterland Frisian: Toarks
- West Frisian: turf (also possibly from Dutch)
Old Saxon: *torf, turf m
- Middle Low German: torf m
  - German Low German: Torf
  - → German: Torf
    - Polish: torf
    - Portuguese: turfa
    - Russian: торф (torf)
      - → Abkhaz: а-то́рф (a-tʼórf)
      - → Armenian: տորֆ (torf)
      - → Azerbaijani: torf
      - → Georgian: ტორფი (ṭorpi)
      - → Ossetian: торф (torf)
→ Old French: torbe
- French: tourbe
  - → Catalan: torba
  - → Galician: turba
  - → Italian: torba
  - → Romanian: turbă
  - → Spanish: turba
  - → Turkish: turba
Old Dutch: *torf, *turf
- Middle Dutch: turf, torf m
  - Dutch: turf m
    - Afrikaans: turf
>? Old High German: zurft f (doubtful; singularily attested and phonetically irregular)