User:Nicodene/Sandbox2

rabia

• Italo-Romance: */ˈrabbja/
  • Italian: rabbia

    Arcevia: raggia

• North Italian: */ˈrabja/
  • Emilian: ràbia, râbia
  • Lombard: reba
  • Romansch: ravgia, rabgia
  • Venetian: rabia
• Gallo-Romance: */ˈrabd͡ʒa/
  • Franco-Provençal: rage, razhe, radze
  • Old French: rage (see there for further descendants)
• Occitano-Romance: */ˈrabja/
  • Catalan: ràbia
  • Gascon: arrauja, arrauje
  • Occitan: ràbia, rauja

    Provençal: raja

• Ibero-Romance: */ˈrabja/
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: ravia, raiva
    • Galician: rabia, raiba; raiva
    • Portuguese: raiva
  • Old Spanish: rabia
    • Spanish: rabia
  • → Basque: errabia
• Insular Romance:
  • ⇒ Sardinian: arrajolare (Logudorese)

Notes: - Ibero-Rom. seems consistent with /β/ (> Portuguese /v/, not */b/). - Occitan reflects a dual outcome: */ráβja/ > */ráβd͡ʒa/ > /rau̯d͡ʒa/ or the first stage remains as such. - Similar affrication in Romansch.

*flammidiō

• Italo-Romance: */fʎamˈmedd͡ʒo/
  • Italian: fiammeggiare
• Gallo-Romance: */flamˈbej/
  • Old French: flambeier, flamboiier
    • Middle French: flamboyer
      • French: flamboyer
• Occitano-Romance: */flaˈmej/
  • Catalan: flamejar
  • Occitan: flamejar
• Ibero-Romance: */flaˈmejo/
  • Portuguese: chamejar
  • Spanish: llamear

Notes: - Ibero-Romance shares some kind of palatalization of /fl/ (also /kl/ and so forth). Except Aragonese, that is, but Aragonese is already problematic for many other reasons and may not really be 'true'/core Ibero-Romance. For *flammidio, perhaps PIbR */fʎaméjo/ or similar (there are some Ribagorzan varieties that still have /kʎ-/, etc. if I recall correctly). Also, what does Mozarabic do with initial /Cl-/? May be worth seeing if there is any evidence there.

- Italian may have straightforwardly /ddʒ/, but a common Southern Italo-Romance outcome of -idiare has /j/, which would seem to force a Proto-Italo-Romance */j/ as well, no doubt with possible 'strong' allophones already (cf. early <ziniperus>).

*soliculum

• Italo-Romance: */soˈlekʎo/
  • Italian: solecchio
• North Italian: */soˈlei̯lo/
  • Friulian: soreli
  • Ladin: surëdl
  • Piedmontese: soleil, solil
  • Romansch:

    Puter: sulagl

    Surmiran: suglegl

    Sursilvan, Sutsilvan: sulegl

    Vallader: sulai

• Gallo-Romance: */soˈlei̯l/
  • Franco-Provençal: soley
  • Old French: soleil, souleil, soloil
    • Gallo: soulai
    • Middle French: soleil
      • French: soleil
    • Norman: solé
    • Walloon: solea
• Occitano-Romance: */soˈlei̯l/
  • Catalan: solell, solei
  • Old Occitan: solelh, soleilh
    • Occitan: solelh
• Ibero-Romance: */soˈlei̯lo/
  • ⇒ Spanish: solejar (“sunny place”)

- Notes: Ladin dl is quite curious now that I think about it. - Proto-Italo-Romance undoubtedly had final /-u/ for the ending (still /-u/ in conservative Central Italian; underlyingly distinct in Neapolitan as well via metaphonic differences). - We see here why Proto-Western-Romance is a useful reconstruction. Avoids a lot of repetition.

*longitānus

• Italo-Romance: */lonˈtano/
  • Old Italian: lontano, luntano, luintan (apocopic), luitano
    • Corsican: luntanu
    • Italian: lontano
      • → Dalmatian: luntun
      • → Neapolitan: luntano
      • → Romansch: lontan, luntaun (nativized suffix)
      • → Sicilian: luntanu
• North Italian: */lonˈtano/
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Old Emilian: luntà
    • Old Ligurian: lointan
    • Old Lombard: luitano, loncean, loytam
  • Old Venetian: luitano
• Gallo-Romance: */loŋˈtan/
  • Old French: luntein, laintaing, loingtien, luintan
    • Middle French: longtain
      • French: lointain
• Occitano-Romance: */loɲeˈtan/
  • Catalan: llunyedà
  • Old Occitan: lonhdan
    • Gascon: luenhtan (Béarnais)

- Catalan keeps the second vowel.

- It may not be unreasonable to put */lonɟetánu~loɲɲetánu/ for Proto-Italo-Western. The first variant is implied by the etymology and the second Old Lombard variant, at least. The second, newer one (resulting from assimilation) is the most widespread per the descendants. It often goes on to experience syncope, in some cases resulting in depalatalization of the nasal (but not Old French, which reflects /ɲ/ per the spelling).