User:TheSilverWolf98/Proto-Salishan Flora

Notes

All lemmas on this page are transcribed in my own pan-Salishan notation, as opposed to the specific orthography of each language. This is to aid in seeing the phonetic values in the words and to make it easier to compare sounds between languages. The forms of the words used on Wiktionary may differ from what is written here for that reason - just be aware that they represent the same set of sounds. This pan-Salishan notation is very similar to the systems used in most scientific papers and is more intuitive than the native orthographies from an academic perspective.

Lexicon

Alder

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: ləm'-
  • ⇒ Lower Chehalis: ləm'áł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: k'iʔk'iʔtn'íłp

Alpine Larch (Larix Lyallii)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: sčtxʷé caqʷəlš

Arrowleaf Balsamroot

(Borrowed from Sahaptian)

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: táqʷoʔ
  • Okanagan: táqʷaʔ

Ash

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: tawás-
  • ⇒ Upper Chehalis: tawásnł (contains tree suffix -nł)

[Term?] (derived from "paddle")

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: χʷúbt-
  • ⇒ Lushootseed: χʷúbtil (contains tree suffix -il)
  • Upper Chehalis: χʷúmt-
  • ⇒ Upper Chehalis: χʷúmtnł (contains tree suffix -nł)

Baneberry (Actaea sp.)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: m'əc'əcdaliłəd

Bearberry (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: ʔéyk

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: šłəpíš

Berry (generic)

[Term?]

• Nanaimo: stθ’umum

Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: kéwkʷu

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: p'up'unéłp

Birch

*qʷəłin

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: qʷéłiʔn (“birch”)
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: qʷłín (“birch, birch bark”)
  • Okanagan: qʷəqʷłín' (“birch”)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: spičłená

Bitter Cherry (Prunus Emarginata)

[Term?] (tree)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: pṣụ́ṣạz'

[Term?] (tree)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: ʔíw'xʷaz'

[Term?] (bark)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: sʔíw'xʷ

Bitterroot

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sp'aƛ'm

Black Birch

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: taχtaχqiłp

Black Camas

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: ʔitχʷáʔ

Black Hawthorn (Crataegus Douglasii)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: q'ánaz'

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: sxʷeʔné

Blue Elder (Sambucus Cerulea)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: c'ékʷkʷalqʷ

Briar

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: qál'χełp

Bulb

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: p'exʷp'uxʷ

Bunch Grass

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: qʷy'ʔúlxʷ

Buttercup

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: stč'īháyus

Camas

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: spēnxʷ (Island dialect)

Cascara (Rhamnus Purshiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: taχtaχyuk

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: xʷíʔxʷn'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)
  • Lower Chehalis: xʷíxʷən'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

Cattail

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: ʔúlal

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: q'ʷə́šq'ʷəs

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: st'θeʔqən (Island dialect)

Cedar

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sk'ʷust

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: k'ʷay'salqʷ

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: χpey' (Island dialect)
  • Lushootseed: χpayʔac

Chokecherry (Prunus Virginiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: pqal'χ

Columbia Hawthorn (Crataegus Columbiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: stəm'óq

Cottonwood (Populus Balsamifera)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: múlx
  • Thompson: múyx (“shrub”)
  • Lillooet: múlx (“stick”)
  • Shuswap: mulx
  • Montana Salish: múlš
  • Coeur D'Alene: mulš

*nVq'ʷ-

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: neq'ʷníq'ʷaz'
• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: q'ʷeníq'ʷay
  • Lower Chehalis: níq'ʷəł

Cranberry (Vaccinium Oxycoccos)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: ʔilč

[Term?]

• Lower Chehalis: ʔasúlm'əš
• Quinault: ʔəsúuməš

[Term?]

• Cowlitz: χántmx ~ łántmx
• Upper Chehalis: χántm

Crop

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: sk'ʷanłq
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sk'ʷún'łq
  • Shuswap: sk'ʷen'łq
  • Thompson: šk'ʷén'łq

Dogwood

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: céqʷqʷalqʷ

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii)

[Term?] (derived from "tree")

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: sɣapʔúl

[Term?] (derived from "sticky")

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: c'q'áq'łəp
  • Thompson: c'q'áłp
  • Shuswap: cq'éłp
  • Okanagan: cq'íłp
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: c'q'áłp

Douglas Onion

(Borrowed from Sahaptian)

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: séhč
  • Columbia-Wenachti: saʕk
  • Okanagan: sack

Eelgrass

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: xelm

Fern

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: tímuʔ

Fir (Abies sp.)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: t'úʔxʷay (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))
  • Sechelt: t'úxʷay (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))
  • Squamish: t'úʔxʷay' (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))
  • Halkomelem: t'áʔxʷ (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))
  • Lushootseed: t'úxʷ (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: kʷéxʷmay' (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Straits Salish:
    • Saanich: sqʷəméy'əqs (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: χáχmaθay
  • Sechelt: χáχmacay

Flower

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: spáq'em
  • Halkomelem: sp'eq'əm (Island dialect)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sgʷárpəm

Fruit

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: šq'ʷíyt
  • Coeur D'Alene: sq'ʷulálgʷastq

Gooseberry

*t'aməxʷ

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: t'ám'exʷ
  • Halkomelem: t'áamxʷ
  • Sechelt: st'amxʷ
  • Squamish: t'em'xʷ
• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: hnt'ít'm'el'ps

Grass

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sq'ic'únm

Hay

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: st'édeʔ

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: sqʷiqʷali

Hazelnut

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Cowlitz: k'ko'sas

Hemlock

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: k'ʷəxʷáł

Huckleberry (Vaccinium Globulare)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: c'ále

*wənaʔχ

• Coast Salish:
  • Twana: wədʔaχ
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: wenéx
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sw'ə́naʔχ (“highbush blueberry”)

Juniper

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: cíkcəktaz'

Leaf

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Cowlitz: pǝ́ckł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: sc'ałaʔ (Island dialect)

Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: qʷlítaz'
  • Thompson: qʷiʔtéłp

Maple

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: spukʷmíłp

Moss

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: qʷaam
  • Squamish: máqʷam

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: séč'ečt

Oak

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: láck'án'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

Oceanspray

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: pácʔaz'

Onion

*qʷlawl

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: qʷuláwa
  • Klallam: qʷłúʔiʔ (“blue camas”)
  • Saanich: qʷłáal (“camas (Camassia sp.)”), qʷłáʔəl (“blue camas”)
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: qʷléwe
  • Thompson: qʷléwe (“onion”)
  • Lillooet: qʷláwaʔ
  • Okanagan: qʷeláwi
  • Montana Salish: qʷlíwyeʔ

Oregon Grape

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: ƛ'íč'tən'əł

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sqʷéyuʔ

Pacific Yew (Taxus Brevifolia)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: ƛ'əmq'áz'

[Term?] (derived from "bow")

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: təχʷaʔcəłp (Island dialect)
• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: təχʷʔacáz', təχʷʔacáłp

Pea

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: ƛ'ikʷən' (Island dialect)

Ponderosa Pine

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: sʔatqʷłp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: yáqʷeʔ, yʔátqʷełp

Potato

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: cáqʷł

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: skʷn'kʷín'm
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: čkʷən'kʷín'əm

*sqawc

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: sqewθ (Island dialect)
  • Upper Chehalis: qáawim'
• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: sqáqwcn
  • Okanagan: sqáqawcn
  • Lillooet: sqawc
  • Coeur D'Alene: sqígʷts

Raspberry

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: hnhalācéʔ

Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus Sericea)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sxʷāyápaʔqn

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: stíčcxʷ

Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus Scopulorum)

*punłəp

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: púnłp, púnłəp
  • Okanagan: púnłp

Root

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: kʷəmləxʷ (Island dialect)

Rosehip

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: cuxʷcuxʷsxʷeyípeʔ

Serviceberry (Amelanchier Alnifolia)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: šyáyaʔ

Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: cáχaz'

Soapberry (Shepherdia Canadensis)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: šχʷusm

Stinging Nettle

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: łəxʷím'áł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: st'θəχt'θəχ (Island dialect)

Strawberry

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: tq'ím'tq'im

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: scáqʷm

Subalpine Fir (Abies Lasiocarpa)

[Term?] (derived from "medicine")

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: mə̣ḷínłəp
  • Montana Salish: maníłp
  • Okanagan: məríłp
  • Shuswap: melénłp

Sunflower

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: smúkʷeʔšn

Tamarack

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: cíqʷəlx
  • Coeur D'Alene: céqʷlš
  • Montana Salish: caqʷəlš

Tree

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: šɣə́p, šyə́p
  • Lillooet: sɣap
  • Okanagan: cəyíp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: ʔačpáƛ'

Unknown Tree

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: npsáxakaʔ

Western Red Cedar

[Term?] (branches)

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: məxiłp
  • Montana Salish: ṃšełp

[Term?] (wood)

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: ʔástqʷ
  • Shuswap: ʔéstqʷ
  • Montana Salish: ástkʷ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: cátawaz'

Whitebark Pine (Pinus Albicaulis)

*sc'ik'

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: c'kaz'
  • Montana Salish: cč'éy'
  • Okanagan: sk'wk'w'iłp

White Camas

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: c'əχʷlúšaʔ

White Fir (Abies Concolor)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: t'qałcnalqʷ

Wild Rose

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: c'əl'ápəpunł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sqáyapaʔ

Willow

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: paʕpaʕ'íłp

Wood

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: šúypm

Yellow Cedar

*paxəlaqʷ

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: páxlaqʷ