User:TheSilverWolf98/Verb Conjugation Comparison

Introduction

Here, I intend to collate verb conjugations for the various families of PIE and to try and extrapolate them back to PIE for the same verb, to see whether there are any patterns in how the verb paradigms change over time. Whether there are any common innovations among the families (think tenses, moods, suppletion). Some of this will be lifted from other user pages if they have already made tables that suit this page. Of course, I shall be transparent about their origins, credit, and link to the original user. I also intend to add my own thoughts and play around with my own theories on verb paradigms. My specialties lie in Celtic and Germanic, but I also took French, Spanish, and Italian in school and have a good working knowledge of Latin, so I may have insights on the Italic side of things too. IMPORTANT NOTE - I AM NOT AN EXPERT, MERELY AN ENTHUSIAST. THESE PARADIGMS MAY NOT BE CORRECT. DO NOT USE THEM FOR ENTRIES. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.

*bʰer-

PIE

Conjugation of *bʰéreti (“to bear, carry”)

indicative		singular			dual			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰéroh₂	*bʰéresi	*bʰéreti	*bʰérowos	*bʰéretes	*bʰéretes	*bʰéromos	*bʰérete	*bʰéronti
	preterite (stative?)	*bʰebʰórh₂e	*bʰebʰórth₂e	*bʰebʰóre	*bʰebʰr̥wé	?	?	*bʰértomos	*bʰértete	*bʰértonti
	imperfect	*bʰérom	*bʰéres	*bʰéret	*bʰérowe	*bʰéretom	*bʰéretām	*bʰérome	*bʰérete	*bʰéront
middle	present	*bʰéroh₂er	*bʰéreth₂er	*bʰéretor	*bʰérowosdʰh₂	?	?	*bʰéromosdʰh₂	*bʰéredʰh₂we	*bʰéroror ~ *bʰérontor
	imperfect	*bʰéroh₂e	*bʰéreth₂e	*bʰéreto	*bʰérowedʰh₂	?	?	*bʰéromedʰh₂	*bʰéredʰh₂we	*bʰéroro ~ *bʰéronto
subjunctive		singular			dual			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰérōh₂	*bʰérēsi	*bʰérēti	*bʰérōwos	*bʰérētes	*bʰérētes	*bʰérōmos	*bʰérēte	*bʰérōnti
	preterite (stative?)	*bʰebʰéroh₂	*bʰebʰéresi	*bʰebʰéreti	*bʰebʰérowos	*bʰebʰéretes	*bʰebʰéretes	*bʰebʰéromos	*bʰebʰérete	*bʰebʰéronti
middle	present	*bʰérōh₂er	*bʰérēth₂er	*bʰérētor	*bʰérōwosdʰh₂	?	?	*bʰérōmosdʰh₂	*bʰérēdʰh₂we	*bʰérōror ~ *bʰérōntor
optative		singular			dual			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰéroyh₁m̥	*bʰéroys	*bʰéroyt	*bʰéroywe	*bʰéroytom	*bʰéroytām	*bʰéroyme	*bʰéroyte	*bʰéroyh₁n̥t
	preterite (stative?)	*bʰebʰr̥yéh₁m̥	*bʰebʰr̥yéh₁s	*bʰebʰr̥yéh₁t	*bʰebʰrih₁wé	*bʰebʰrih₁tóm	*bʰebʰrih₁tā́m	*bʰebʰrih₁mé	*bʰebʰrih₁té	*bʰebʰrih₁ént
middle	present	*bʰéroyh₂e	*bʰéroyth₂e	*bʰéroyto ~ *bʰéroyh₁o	*bʰéroywedʰh₂	?	?	*bʰéroymedʰh₂	*bʰéroydʰh₂we	*bʰéroyro ~ *bʰéroyh₁n̥to
imperative		singular			dual			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	*bʰére!	*bʰéretu!	—	*bʰéretom!	*bʰéretām!	—	*bʰérete!	*bʰérontu!
	preterite (stative?)	—	*bʰebʰór! ~ *bʰebʰr̥dʰí!	*bʰebʰórtu!	—	*bʰebʰr̥tóm!	*bʰebʰr̥tā́m!	—	*bʰebʰr̥té!	*bʰebʰréntu!
middle	present	—	*bʰéreso!	?	—	?	?	—	*bʰéredʰh₂we!	?

Celtic

Original table from Victar [Page]

Conjugation of *bereti (“to bear, carry”)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰéroh₂(mi)	*bʰéresi	*bʰéreti	*bʰéromos	*bʰérete	*bʰéronti
	preterite	*bʰértoh₂	*bʰértesi	*bʰérteti	*bʰértomos	*bʰértete	*bʰértonti
	imperfect	*bʰérom	*bʰéres	*bʰéret	*bʰérome	*bʰérete	*bʰéront
	future	*bʰíbʰérsyóh₂(mi)	*bʰíbʰérsyési	*bʰíbʰérsyéti	*bʰíbʰérsyómos	*bʰíbʰérsyéte	*bʰíbʰérsyónti
deponent	present	*bʰéroh₂er	*bʰéreth₂er	*bʰéretor	*bʰéromosdʰh₂	*bʰéredʰh₂we	*bʰérontor
	preterite	?	?	?	?	?	?
	imperfect
	future	*bʰíbʰérsyóh₂er	*bʰíbʰérsyéth₂er	*bʰíbʰérsyétor	*bʰíbʰérsyómosdʰh₂	*bʰíbʰérsyédʰh₂we	*bʰíbʰérsyóror ~ *bʰíbʰr̥h₁syontor
passive	present	*bʰéroh₂er	*bʰéreth₂er	*bʰéretor	*bʰéromosdʰh₂	*bʰéredʰh₂we	*bʰérontor
	preterite			?			?
	imperfect			*bʰéretey			*bʰérentits
	future	*bʰíbʰérsyóh₂er	*bʰíbʰérsyéth₂er	*bʰíbʰérsyétor	*bʰíbʰérsyómosdʰh₂	*bʰíbʰérsyédʰh₂we	*bʰíbʰérsyóror ~ *bʰíbʰr̥(h₁)syóntor
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰérōh₂(mi)	*bʰérēsi	*bʰérēti	*bʰérōmos	*bʰérēte	*bʰérōnti
deponent	present	*bʰérōh₂er	*bʰérēth₂er	*bʰérētor	*bʰérōmosdʰh₂	*bʰérēdʰh₂we	*bʰérōror ~ *bʰérōntor
passive	present	*bʰérōh₂er	*bʰérēth₂er	*bʰérētor	*bʰérōmosdʰh₂	*bʰérēdʰh₂we	*bʰérōror ~ *bʰérōntor
optative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	*bʰéroyh₁m̥	*bʰéroys	*bʰéroyt	*bʰéroyme	*bʰéroyte	*bʰéroyh₁n̥t
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	*bʰére(toh₂dʰ)! ~ *bʰérē!	*bʰéret(oh₂)!	*bʰéromu!	*bʰérete! ~ *bʰéretēs!	*bʰéront(oh₂)!
deponent	present	—	*bʰértoh₂!	*bʰéretoh₂!	—	*bʰérete!	*bʰérontoh₂!
passive	present		*bʰéreth₂er!	*bʰéror!	*bʰéromor!	*bʰéredʰh₂we!	*bʰérontor!

• Celtic seems to actually have a pretty archaic paradigm for the most part, though it has lost its dual number. What's interesting is that it's taken the desiderative forms of the verb and used it as a future tense. I wonder whether other IE languages have done the same.