Wiktionary:About Venetian

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Definition

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In dark and bright red are the region where Venetian is or was spoken. Fainter colours are its areas of influence.

Venetian, on Wiktionary, refers to the Romance language spoken in Veneto and its environs also known as Venetan, not to the dialect of the language as spoken in the city of Venice and its environs, which may be labelled as Venice Venetian.

Orthography

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When choosing the right spelling for a lexeme, i.e. the centralising term all variants are treated as alternative forms of, the following guidelines should be followed whenever applicable. Variants on the other hand can be spelled in whatever attestable orthographic scheme.

  • Evanescent L is to be always written, and encoded as ⟨ł⟩ U+0142 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE, e.g. łuna (“moon”), góndoła (“gondola”).[n 1]
  • Voiceless /s/, depending on its origin and dialectal pronunciation:
    • If in some dialects it is realised as [t͡s] or [θ] it is to be written as ⟨ç⟩, e.g. çincueçento (“five hundred”), çata (“paw”).
    • Else, it is to be written as ⟨s⟩ in all positions, e.g. casa (“crate”).
  • Voiced /z/, similarly:
    • If in some dialects it is realised as [d͡z], [ð] or [d] is it to be written as ⟨z⟩, e.g. pianze (“cries”).
    • Else, it is to be written as ⟨x⟩ in all positions, e.g. xe (“is”), noxa (“walnut”), except before voiced other consonants, where it is to be written as ⟨s⟩, e.g. sbaro (“shot”).
  • The sequence /st͡ʃ/ is written separated by a hyphen, e.g. s-ciopo (“rifle”).[n 2]
  • The graphemes ⟨c g⟩ should be employed as in Italian, with the sequence /kw/ always corresponding to ⟨cu⟩; ⟨q⟩ is thus not used.
  • The sequence ⟨gn⟩ should be employed as in Italian for the sound /ɲ/.
  • The sound /j/ is to be written as ⟨j⟩ whenever oscillating cross-dialectally with [d͡ʒ].
  • Phonemic contrast between nasal consonants is lost to /ŋ/ in syllable coda, including in pre-consonantal position; this nasal is thus always spelled ⟨n⟩, even before /p b/.
  • The written accent on vowels is used:
    • On all the proparoxytone (sdrucciole, bisdrucciole, etc.) words, e.g. góndoła and pètene (“comb”), and the paroxytone (piane) words that end in consonants, e.g. métar (“to put”).
    • On all oxytone (tronche) words, e.g. ancó (“today”), except those that end in consonants, e.g. contadin (“farmer”).
    • On stressed /i/ after /u/, e.g. puìna (“ricotta”), and on stressed /i/ and /u/ before the final vowel, e.g. finìo (“over”), bevùo (“drunk”).
    • Certain monosyllables, unpredictable by rule.
    • Note the headword should match the entry title: no additional diacritics should be added.

Notes

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  1. ^ Encoding as ⟨ƚ⟩ U+019A LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR should be avoided. Despite the preference of the GVU, it goes against a strong practice, and its arguments for doing so are not convincing.
  2. ^ In theory, no disambiguation should be needed as the sound /ʃ/ does not exist in Venetian. However, it is common practice to avoid any possible confusion.

Further reading

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  • Grafia Veneta Unitaria. Manuale a cura della Giunta regionale del Veneto, Venezia: La Galiverna, 1995
  • Brunelli, Michele (2012) Manual Gramaticałe Xenerałe de ła Łéngua Vèneta e łe só varianti, Bassano del Grappa
  • Ferguson, Ronnie (2007) A linguistic history of Venice, Florence: Olschki
  • Belloni, Silvio (1991) Grammatica veneta, 2nd edition, Padova: Esedra Editrice
  • Basso, Walter (2005) Dizionario da scarsèla veneto–italiano, 2nd edition, Padova: Ed. ScantaBauchi
  • Boerio, Giuseppe (1867) Dizionario del dialetto veneziano, 3rd edition, Venice: G. Cecchini
  • Nazari, Giulio (1876) Dizionario vicentino–italiano […], Oderzo: Bianchi
  • Patriarchi, Gasparo (1821) Vocabolario veneziano e padovano […], 3rd edition, Padova: Tipografia del Seminario
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