Wiktionary:Bengali transliteration
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These are the rules concerning transliteration in Bengali entries.
Consonants
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| letter | ক | খ | গ | ঘ | ঙ | |||||
| translit. | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ | |||||
| IPA | /k/ | /kʰ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡʱ/ | /ŋ/ | |||||
| letter | চ | ছ | জ | ঝ | ঞ | য | শ | য় | ৎ | |
| translit. | c | ch | j | jh | n ◌̃ (between vowels) |
j | ś/s | ẏ ẇ (after ō) |
t | |
| IPA | /tʃ/ | /tʃʰ/ | /dʒ/ | /dʒʱ/ | /n/, /◌̃/ | /dʒ/ | /ʃ~s/ | /e̯/, /∅/ | /t̪/ | |
| letter | ট | ঠ | ড | ঢ | ণ | র | ষ | ড় | ং | |
| translit. | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | n | r | ś/s | ṛ | ṅ | |
| IPA | /t/ | /tʰ/ | /d/ | /dʱ/ | /n/ | /ɾ~r/ | /ʃ~s/ | /ɽ/ | /ŋ/ | |
| letter | ত | থ | দ | ধ | ন | ল | স | ঢ় | ঃ | |
| translit. | t | th | d | dh | n | l | ś/s | ṛh | ḥ/-[1] | |
| IPA | /t̪/ | /t̪ʰ/ | /d̪/ | /d̪ʱ/ | /n/ | /l/ | /ʃ/, /s/ | /ɽʱ~ɽ/ | /ɦ/, /∅/ | |
| letter | প | ফ | ব | ভ | ম | হ | ||||
| translit. | p | ph | b | bh | m – (if silent)[2] |
h | ||||
| IPA | /p/ | /f/ | /b/ | /bʱ~v/ | /m/, /∅/ | /ɦ/ | ||||
Vowels
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| letter | অ | অ্যা | ই | উ | ঋ | এ | ও | ||
| diacritic | inherent | ্যা | ি | ু | ৃ | ে | ো | ||
| translit. | o[3] | ê/a[4] | i | u | ri | e | ō | ||
| IPA | /ɔ/, /o/ | /æ~ɛ/, /a/ | /i/ | /u/ | /ri/ | /e/, /æ~ɛ/ | /o/ | ||
| letter | আ | ঈ | ঊ | ঐ | ঔ | ||||
| diacritic | া | ী | ূ | ৈ | ৌ | ||||
| translit. | a | i | u | ōi | ōu | ||||
| IPA | /a/ | /i/ | /u/ | /oi̯/ | /ou̯/ | ||||
Other diacritics
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diacritic | ঁ | ্ব | ্য | ্র | |
| translit. | ◌̃ | – (most cases)[2] b (generally after ম) |
ê (initial) – (elsewhere)[2] |
r | |
| IPA | /◌̃/ | /b/, /∅/ | /æ/, /∅/ | /ɾ/ | |
Irregular ligatures
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ligature | ক্ষ | জ্ঞ | হ্য | হ্ব | |
| translit. | kh (initial) kkh (medial) |
g (initially)[5] gg (medially)[6] |
h (initial) jjh (medial) |
ubh | |
| IPA | /kʰ(ː)/ | /ɡ(ː)/ | /ɦ/, /dʒʱː/ | /u̯bʱ/ | |
Miscellaneous
An apostrophe (') is used to distinguish between an aspirated consonants and an unaspirated consonant followed by a হ. For example:
- সুবহানাল্লাহ (śub'hanallah)
- সুভানাল্লাহ (śubhanallah)
Notes
- ^ Usually silent, sometimes double the following consonant.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 When silent, double the preceding consonant.
- ^ Don't use ô to represent the inherent vowel. It is reserved to force the /ɔ/ phoneme in
{{bn-IPA}}. - ^ The diacritic ্যা is romanised as "ê" or "a" depending on position and/or pronunciation.
- ^ Converts the following a to ê.
- ^ Does not convert the following a to ê except in words containing জ্ঞান.