affiner

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.fi.ne/

Verb

affiner

1. to purify
2. to refine
3. to make finer

Conjugation

Conjugation of affiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	affiner
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	affinant /a.fi.nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		affiné /a.fi.ne/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	affine /a.fin/	affines /a.fin/	affine /a.fin/	affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/	affinez /a.fi.ne/	affinent /a.fin/
	imperfect	affinais /a.fi.nɛ/	affinais /a.fi.nɛ/	affinait /a.fi.nɛ/	affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/	affiniez /a.fi.nje/	affinaient /a.fi.nɛ/
	past historic2	affinai /a.fi.ne/	affinas /a.fi.na/	affina /a.fi.na/	affinâmes /a.fi.nam/	affinâtes /a.fi.nat/	affinèrent /a.fi.nɛʁ/
	future	affinerai /a.fin.ʁe/	affineras /a.fin.ʁa/	affinera /a.fin.ʁa/	affinerons /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/	affinerez /a.fin.ʁe/	affineront /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/	affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/	affinerait /a.fin.ʁɛ/	affinerions /a.fi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/	affineriez /a.fi.nə.ʁje/	affineraient /a.fin.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	affine /a.fin/	affines /a.fin/	affine /a.fin/	affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/	affiniez /a.fi.nje/	affinent /a.fin/
	imperfect2	affinasse /a.fi.nas/	affinasses /a.fi.nas/	affinât /a.fi.na/	affinassions /a.fi.na.sjɔ̃/	affinassiez /a.fi.na.sje/	affinassent /a.fi.nas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	affine /a.fin/	—	affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/	affinez /a.fi.ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• raffiner

Further reading

• “affiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• raffine, raffiné