affiner
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /a.fi.ne/
Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
[edit]affiner
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of affiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affiner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affinant /a.fi.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affiné /a.fi.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affine /a.fin/ |
affines /a.fin/ |
affine /a.fin/ |
affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/ |
affinez /a.fi.ne/ |
affinent /a.fin/ |
| imperfect | affinais /a.fi.nɛ/ |
affinais /a.fi.nɛ/ |
affinait /a.fi.nɛ/ |
affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/ |
affiniez /a.fi.nje/ |
affinaient /a.fi.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affinai /a.fi.ne/ |
affinas /a.fi.na/ |
affina /a.fi.na/ |
affinâmes /a.fi.nam/ |
affinâtes /a.fi.nat/ |
affinèrent /a.fi.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | affinerai /a.fin.ʁe/ |
affineras /a.fin.ʁa/ |
affinera /a.fin.ʁa/ |
affinerons /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/ |
affinerez /a.fin.ʁe/ |
affineront /a.fin.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/ |
affinerais /a.fin.ʁɛ/ |
affinerait /a.fin.ʁɛ/ |
affinerions /a.fi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affineriez /a.fi.nə.ʁje/ |
affineraient /a.fin.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affine /a.fin/ |
affines /a.fin/ |
affine /a.fin/ |
affinions /a.fi.njɔ̃/ |
affiniez /a.fi.nje/ |
affinent /a.fin/ |
| imperfect2 | affinasse /a.fi.nas/ |
affinasses /a.fi.nas/ |
affinât /a.fi.na/ |
affinassions /a.fi.na.sjɔ̃/ |
affinassiez /a.fi.na.sje/ |
affinassent /a.fi.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | affine /a.fin/ |
— | affinons /a.fi.nɔ̃/ |
affinez /a.fi.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “affiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012