aiškus

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Lithuanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Usually explained as from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Balto-Slavic *aiˀṣk-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ꙗснъ (jasnŭ) < Proto-Slavic *ě̀snъ implying a pre-Slavic form *ěsk-n-.[1] This is paralleled in Lithuanian raiškus (expressive) : Old Church Slavonic рѣснъ (rěsnŭ, true). Compare Russian искра́ (iskrá, spark); but Latvian īsts (true).

Pronunciation

  • (áiškus) IPA(key): /ˈa͡ɪʂ.kʊs/
  • (aiškùs) IPA(key): /ɐ͡ɪʂˈkʊs/

Adjective

áiškus m (feminine áiški, neuter áišku) stress pattern 3[2][3] or áiškus m (feminine áiški, neuter áišku) stress pattern 1 [3][4] or aiškùs m (feminine aiškì, neuter aiškù) stress pattern 4 [3]

  1. clear, bright, highly visible
  2. (weather) clear, cloudless
    áiškus óras - clear weather
  3. pristine, radiant, beautiful
  4. (about voice) clear, penetrating
    áiškus bal̃sas - a clear voice
  5. legible, neat, easy to read
  6. apparent, plain, obvious
    Dabar̃ mán vìskas áišku. - Now I get it.
    Áiškus dáiktas, jõg negeraĩ, kàd taĩp padareĩ. - It's obvious you shouldn't have done that

Inflection

While stress pattern 4 is generally preferred for adjectives in -us, there are a handful of words with an acute root stress that follow stress pattern 3. Compare lýgus (equal), smùlkus (fine, detailed), sódrus (lush) and tánkus (dense).

Given here is the inflection table for stress pattern 3:

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153. →ISBN
  2. ^
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    Naktinienė, Gertrūda, et al. (1941-2011) Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, →ISBN

  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 “aiškus” in Jonas Kruopas [et al.] (1968), Lietuvių Kalbos Žodynas, Vol. I. Vilnius: Mintis.
  4. ^ “aiškus” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
  • “aiškus” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN